كليدواژه :
ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪرﯾﺰي راﻫﺒﺮدي , ﻫﻨﺮ ﻓﯿﺮوزهﺗﺮاﺷﯽ , آﻣﻮزش و ﻣﻬﺎرت , ﻣﺎﺗﺮﯾﺲ ﺳﻮات , ﺑﺎزارﯾﺎﺑﯽ
چكيده فارسي :
ﺷﻬﺮ ﻣﺸﻬﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺷﻬﺮ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﯽ ﺳﻨﮓﻫﺎي ﻗﯿﻤﺘﯽ و ﻧﯿﻤﻪ ﻗﯿﻤﺘﯽ از ﺳـﻮي ﺷـﻮراي ﺟﻬـﺎﻧﯽ ﺻـﻨﺎﯾﻊ دﺳـﺘﯽ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻣﻌﺪن ﺳﻨﮓ ﻓﯿﺮوزة ﻧﯿﺸﺎﺑﻮر، در ﻧﺰدﯾﮑﯽ ﺷﻬﺮ ﻣﺸﻬﺪ ﻗﺮار دارد. اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺳﻨﮓ ﻓﯿـﺮوزه در اﯾﺮان از ﻋﻬﺪ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺎن راﯾﺞ ﺑﻮده و در دﯾﻦ اﺳﻼم ﻧﯿﺰ ﺗﺄﮐﯿﺪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻫﻨﺮ ﻓﯿﺮوزهﺗﺮاﺷﯽ از ﻫﻨﺮﻫﺎي ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدي و ﯾﮏ ﻫﻨﺮ اﯾﺮاﻧﯽ ﺑﻮده و ﻫﺴﺖ. ﻫﻨﺮﻣﻨﺪان ﻓﯿﺮوزهﺗﺮاش ﺷﻬﺮ ﻣﺸﻬﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻌﯽ و ﺗﻼش ﮐﺎر ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ، ﭘﯿﺸـﺮﻓﺖ ﭼﻨﺪاﻧﯽ ﻧﺪاﺷﺘﻪاﻧﺪ. ﺗﺎ ﮐﻨﻮن ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻣﻔﯿﺪي در زﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺻﺎدرات زﯾﻮرآﻻت ﻓﯿﺮوزه در ﺷﻬﺮ ﻣﺸـﻬﺪ ﺻـﻮرت ﻧﮕﺮﻓﺘﻪ و ﭘﯿﺸﺮﻓﺘﯽ در اﯾﻦ ﻫﻨﺮ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ ﻧﺸﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﺿﺮورت دارد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺟﺎﻣﻊﺗﺮي در اﯾﻦ ﺧﺼـﻮص ﺻﻮرت ﭘﺬﯾﺮد. ﻫﺪف از ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ، ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﭼﺎﻟﺶﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در ﻫﻨـﺮ ﻓﯿﺮوزهﺗﺮاﺷـﯽ، ﺑـﺮ اﺳـﺎس اﺻـﻮل ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪرﯾﺰي راﻫﺒﺮدي در ﺷﻬﺮ ﻣﺸﻬﺪ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﺳﺆال اﺻﻠﯽ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، اﯾﻦ ﭼﻨﯿﻦ ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ ﻣﯽﺷـﻮد. ﺑـﺮاي ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در ﻫﻨﺮ ﻓﯿﺮوزهﺗﺮاﺷﯽ ﺷﻬﺮ ﻣﺸﻬﺪ و رﺳﯿﺪن ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻣﻄﻠﻮب ﭼﻪ راﻫﮑﺎرﻫﺎﯾﯽ وﺟﻮد دارد؟ روش ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﮐﯿﻔﯽ، ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ- ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ از ﻧﻮع ﺗﺤﻠﯿـﻞ ﻣﺤﺘﻮاﺳـﺖ؛ و ﺑـﺎ اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣـﺎﺗﺮﯾﺲ ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻫﻨﺮ ﻓﯿﺮوزهﺗﺮاﺷﯽ در ﺷﻬﺮ ﻣﺸﻬﺪ ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺷﯿﻮه ﮔﺮدآوري اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧـﻪاي ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﻣﯿﺪاﻧﯽ، روﺷﯽ ﻫﺪﻓﻤﻨﺪ ﺑﻮده و ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎري و ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺗﯽ، و ﻣﺼـﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﺑـﺎ ﺗﻌـﺪاد 10 ﻧﻔـﺮ ﻫﻨﺮﻣﻨﺪ و اﺷﺨﺎص ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻨﺮ ﻓﯿﺮوزه ﺗﺮاﺷﯽ ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ، ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺪاول ﻧـﺎم ﻫﻨﺮﻣﻨـﺪان ﺑـﺎ ﺣﺮوف درج ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ؛ ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪﻫﺎ ﮐﺪﮔﺬاري ﺷﺪه و در ﺟﺪاول درج ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﯿﺠـﻪ اﯾـﻦ ﮐـﻪ در اﺳـﺘﺨﺮاج ﺳﻨﮓ ﻓﯿﺮوزه ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﯿﻦ ﺳﻨﮓ ﻣﻌﺪن، ﮐﻤﺎل ﺑﻬﺮهوري اﺗﺨﺎذ ﺷـﻮد. آﻣـﻮزش و ﻣﻬـﺎرت ﻋﻤﻠـﯽ، ﺑﻪﻃﻮر ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎن ﺑﺎﺷﺪ؛ و از ﭘﯿﺸﮑﺴﻮﺗﺎن اﯾﻦ ﺣﺮﻓﻪ در ﺑﺨﺶ آﻣﻮزش ﻣﻬﺎرتﻫـﺎي ﻋﻤﻠـﯽ ﺑـﻪ داﻧﺶآﻣﻮﺧﺘﮕـﺎن، دﻋﻮت ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ آﯾﺪ. ﺑﺮاي رﺳﯿﺪن ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻣﻄﻠﻮب، ﻣﯽﺑﺎﯾﺴﺘﯽ آﻣـﻮزش ﻫﻨﺮﻓﯿـﺮوزه ﺗﺮاﺷـﯽ در ﻫﻨﺮﺳـﺘﺎنﻫﺎ، ﻣﺮاﮐﺰ آﻣﻮزش ﻋﺎﻟﯽ و داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺑﻪ ﺻـﻮرت اﺳـﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺻـﻮرت ﭘـﺬﯾﺮد. ﺳـﺎﺧﺖ زﯾـﻮرآﻻت ﻓﯿـﺮوزه ﻣﻄـﺎﺑﻖ ﺑـﺎ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﺟﻬﺎﻧﯽ را ارﺗﻘﺎ ﺑﺨﺸﯿﺪه؛ ﺑﺎ اﯾﺠﺎد ﺑﺎزارﻫﺎي اﯾﻨﺘﺮﻧﺘﯽ و اﺗﺼﺎل ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎزارﻫﺎي ﺟﻬﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎي ﺻﺪور ﺳﻨﮓ ﺗﺮاش داده ﺷﺪه، زﯾﻮرآﻻت ﻓﯿﺮوزه را ﺻﺎدر ﮐﺮد.
چكيده لاتين :
Mashhad has been selected as the world city of precious and semi-precious stones by the World Crafts Council. Neishabour (Nishapur) turquoise stone mine is located near Mashhad. The use of turquoise stone has been common in Iran since ancient times and has been emphasized in Islam. Turquoise carving is one of the useful arts and turquoise carving artists in Mashhad, who work hard, have not made much progress. No research has been done on the development of this art. The purpose of this study is to identify the challenges in the art of turquoise carving, based on the right principles of strategic planning in Mashhad. Thus, the main question addressed is: What can we do to improve the conditions in the turquoise carving art in Mashhad and achieve the desired conditions? The research method in this qualitative research is descriptive-analytical in type of content analysis; and using the evaluation matrix, the art of turquoise carving in Mashhad has been studied. The method of collecting information and field research was interview type, and the participants was ten informed person, Interviews’ information was labeled and inserted into the table. The result is that in quarrying turquoise stone by ore specialists, full productivity is obtained, training and practical skills are simultaneous; Veterans of this profession should be invited for the training practical skills to graduates. According to research, how to extract ore is still facing problems. Supervised specialists and engineers by maximizing the efficiency of ore mining by using new methods and in accordance with international standards. Turquoise and turquoise workshops have been set up in this area, which do turquoise work. If, according to their turquoise cutter, the turquoise cutting work is not done properly. Better results will be achieved if a turquoise school is built in this city and turquoise art is taught professionally in these schools, as well as veterans and highly skilled turquoise teachers are invited to teach this art. The art of turquoise carving requires a great deal of skill and experience. The art of turquoise carving requires a great deal of skill and experience. The skills and experience of turquoise carving artists, and veterans with experience in the field of education should be fully utilized. By creating jewelry art schools, and adding this field of study to the fields of work and knowledge, a positive step can be taken in expanding and teaching the art of jewelry making to the younger generation. In this way, the graduate who graduates from these conservatories will acquire both useful and useful skills and will have a high scientific level. Given the prospect, there is a world record for the art of turquoise carving in the future. It is better to teach this art as an academic discipline in art schools in provinces such as Khorasan, Isfahan, Kerman and the cities of Mashhad and Neishabour (Nishapur) that have turquoise stone mines. Also, to acquaint people with turquoise and its properties, documentaries have been prepared and shown in the mass media, so that Iranian women do not use imported rhinestones to buy jewelry, because turquoise jewelry with silver is far more beautiful and cost-effective than imported rhinestones. Optimal conditions have improved the production of turquoise jewelry in accordance with international standards; By creating online markets and connecting to global ones, turquoise jewelry can be exported instead of quarry turquoise stone.
