ﻧﻈﺮﯾﮥ ﮐﺴﺮ اﺻﻨﺎم، ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺮج از زﻧﺪﮔﯽ اﺑﺮاﻫﯿﻢ (ع ) در ﻗﺮآن و ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ ﮐﺎرﺑﺴﺖ و ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺎه آن در ﻫﻨﺮ اﺳﻼﻣﯽ، ﺑﺎ روﯾﮑﺮد ﻧﻈﺮﯾﮥ دادهﺑﻨﯿﺎد

Codification of the theory of fraction deduction, extracted from the life of Ibrahim (AS) in the Qur'an and explanation of its use and place in Islamic art, with the approach of data theory

ﺗﻘﻠﯿﺪ و واردات ﺷﯿﻮهﻫﺎي ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ آﺛﺎر ﻫﻨﺮي و ﻣﺒﺎﻧﯽ ﻫﻨﺮ از ﺗﻤﺪنﻫﺎي دﯾﮕﺮ، ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒـﺎﻧﯽ ﻧﻈـﺮي آن ﺗﻤـﺪنﻫﺎ ﻣﺘﮑﯽ اﺳﺖ، ﺑﻪ ﺗﻤﺪن اﺳﻼﻣﯽ، در دوران ﻣﻌﺎﺻﺮ، ﺳﺒﺐ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ اﻧﺒﻮﻫﯽ از آﺛﺎر، ﺑﺎ وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫـﺎي ﻣﺘﻔـﺎوت و ﮔـﺎﻫﯽ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻗﺾ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺒﺎﻧﯽ ﻓﮑﺮي اﻧﺪﯾﺸﻪ اﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻫﺪف ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ، ﺑﺮداﺷﺘﻦ ﻧﺨﺴﺘﯿﻦ ﮔﺎمﻫـﺎ، ﺑـﺮاي اراﺋﮥ ﯾﮏ ﻧﻈﺮﯾﻪ، ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ ﻗﺮآن ﺑﺎ ﺗﮑﯿﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺷﯿﻮة ﺗﻔﮑﺮ اﺑﺮاﻫﯿﻢ)ع( اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﻧﯿﺎزﻫﺎي ﮐﺎرﮐﺮدي و ﻧﻈـﺮي ﻫﻨﺮﻣﻨﺪان ﺟﻬﺎن اﺳﻼم را ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻊ ﻣﯽﮔﺮداﻧﺪ. اﺑﺮاﻫﯿﻢ)ع( در ﻗﺮآن، ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺖ ﺗﺎرﯾﺨﯽ، ﺑـﺎ ﭘـﻨﺞ وﯾﮋﮔـﯽ ﻣﻨﺤﺼﺮﺑﻪﻓﺮد و ﻧﺎﻇﺮ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻘﻼﻧﯿﺖ و ﺗﻔﻘُﻪ او، ﯾﻌﻨﯽ رﺷـﺪﯾﺎﻓﺘﮕﯽ ﻓﮑـﺮي ﭘـﯿﺶ از ﻧﺒـﻮت، اﻟﮕـﻮي ﺧـﻮب ﺑـﺮاي ﻣﺆﻣﻨﺎن، ﺻﺎﺣﺐﺑﯿﻨﺶ، ﺻـﺎﺣﺐﻗﻠﺐ ﺳـﻠﯿﻢ2 و ﻣﺸـﺎﻫﺪة ﻣﻠﮑـﻮت آﺳـﻤﺎن و زﻣـﯿﻦ ﻣﻌﺮﻓـﯽ ﺷـﺪه و ﻣﺨﺎﻟﻔـﺎن اﺳﺘﺪﻻلﻫﺎي او ﻧﯿﺰ، ﺳﻔﯿﻪ و ﮐﻢﻋﻘﻞ ﺧﻄﺎب ﺷﺪهاﻧﺪ. ﭘﺮﺳﺶ اﯾﻦ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روﯾﮑﺮد دادهﺑﻨﯿﺎد، ﻧﻈﺮﯾﻪاي ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽﺑﺮ ﺷﯿﻮة ﺗﻔﮑﺮ ﻋﻠﻤﯽ اﺑﺮاﻫﯿﻤﯽ ﺑﻨﺎ ﻧﻬﺎد؟ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ از ﻧﻮع ﮐﯿﻔﯽ اﺳﺖ و ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش ﺗﺌﻮري دادهﺑﻨﯿﺎد ﺑﻪ اﻧﺠﺎم رﺳﯿﺪهاﺳﺖ. ﭘﺲ از ﺟﻤﻊآوري ﮐﻠﯿﮥ دادهﻫﺎ و اﻧﺠﺎم ﮐﺪﮔﺬاري ﺑﺎز، ﻣﺤﻮري و اﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﯽ، ﺿﻤﻦ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻦ ﭘﺎﺳﺦﻫﺎ، ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯿﺰم ﺗﻔﮑﺮ اﺑﺮاﻫﯿﻢ)ع( ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان ﻓﺮآﯾﻨﺪي ﻋﻘﻼﻧﯽ، ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮ اﺳـﺎس ﻧﻘـﺪ ﻣﮑـﺮر ﻣﻌﯿﺎرﻫﺎي ﭘﯿﺸﯿﻦ، ﻣﻌﯿﺎرﻫﺎي ﺟﺪﯾﺪ ﺧﻠﻖ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ، ﺑﺎ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻧﻈﺮﯾﮥ »ﮐﺴﺮ اﺻﻨﺎم3«، اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج ﺷﺪه و ﮐـﺎرﮐﺮد آن در ﻫﻨﺮ را ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪ. ﺳـﭙﺲ ﺑـﻪ ﺷـﺒﺎﻫﺖﻫﺎ و ﺗﻔﺎوتﻫـﺎي اﯾـﻦ ﻧﻈﺮﯾـﻪ و اﻧﺪﯾﺸـﮥ اﻧﺘﻘـﺎدي ﮐـﻪ در ﺑﺴـﺘﺮ ﺳﻮﺑﮋﮐﺘﯿﻮﯾﺴﻢ ﺑﻪوﺟﻮد آﻣﺪه و ﻣﺒﻨﺎي ﻫﻨﺮ ﻣﺪرن از ﻣﻨﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﯾﻨﺒﺮگ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪه، ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ و ﺣﺪود و ﺛﻐﻮر ﮔﺴﺘﺮة اﻧﺪﯾﺸﻪ اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ در ﺗﻔﮑﺮ اﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﺑﯿﺎن ﺷﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻧﺒﻮد ﻫﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺗﻨﺎﻓﺮ ﯾﺎ ﺗﻨﺎﻗﺾ اﯾﻦ ﻧﻈﺮﯾﻪ ﺑﻪ اﺻـﻮل، ﺛﻮاﺑﺖ و اﻣﻮر ﻻﯾﺘﻐﯿﺮ و ﻻﯾﺰاﻟﯽ ﮐﻪ در ﺧﻠﻖ ﻫﻨﺮ ﺳﻨﺘﯽ، و در ﻗﻠﺐ آن ﻫﻨﺮ دﯾﻨـﯽ، ﺿـﺮوري ﻫﺴـﺘﻨﺪ، ﺑﺮرﺳـﯽ و ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪ و در ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ، ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯿﺰم ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ و ارﺗﻘﺎي ﻣﻌﯿﺎرﻫﺎي ﺟﺪﯾﺪ ﺑﺮاي اﯾﺠﺎد ﻣﺤﺼـﻮﻻت ﺟﺪﯾـﺪ ﺑـﺮ اﺳـﺎس ﻧﻘﺪﻫﺎي ﭘﯿﺎﭘﯽ در ﭼﺎرﭼﻮب ﻓﺎﺻﻠﮥ ﻋﺒﻮدﯾﺖ و رﺑﻮﺑﯿﺖ، ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس اﯾﻦ ﻧﻈﺮﯾﻪ ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ.

Imitation and import of methods of producing works of art and the basics of art to Islamic civilization from other civilizations that rely on the theoretical foundations of those civilizations, in the contemporary era, has led to the mass production of works with different characteristics, and sometimes contradictory to the intellectual foundations of Islamic thought. The purpose of this study is to take the first steps to present a theory based on the Qur'an based on the way of thinking of Ibrahim (AS), which meets some of the functional and theoretical needs of artists in the Islamic world. Ibrahim (AS) in the Qur'an, as a historical figure, with five unique characteristics and overseeing his rationality and jurisprudence, such as intellectual development before prophecy, a good role model for believers, the possessor of insight, the possessor of a healthy and flawless heart and the observation of the kingdom of heaven and earth, has been introduced. Also, the opponents of his arguments, are idiots and fools. The question is, how can a theory based on the Abrahamic scientific way of thinking be constructed using the data-based approach? The present research is of qualitative type and has been done using Grounded theory method. After collecting all the data and performing open, pivotal and selective coding, while finding the answers, the mechanism of thinking of Ibrahim (AS) as a rational process, which creates new criteria based on the frequent critique of previous criteria, as the theory of "breaking idols" "It was expressed and its function in art was determined. Then the similarities and differences of this theory and critical thought that emerged in the context of subjectivism and the basis of modern art from Greenberg's point of view were introduced and the limits of human thought in Islamic thought were stated. Also, the absence of any discrepancy or contradiction of this theory with the principles, constants and unchangeable and eternal things that are necessary in the creation of traditional art, and in the heart of that religious art, was examined and determined. As a result, the mechanism of production and promotion of new criteria for creating new products based on successive criticisms in the context of the distance between servitude and lordship, was explained based on this theory. By dividing the world into the cognizant object and subject on the basis of the primacy of existence over nature, critical thought is allowed in the field of empirical science, relying on inductive reasoning, to critique the self-made criteria of the subject's mind indefinitely, thereby constructing new criteria. But in the theory of breaking idols, criticisms are made of the criteria in the human mind that move between servitude and lordship. This theory views man as the Caliph of God, who considers the infinite extent of the monotheistic world to be genuine, and at the same time, by building and breaking idols in the world of multiplicity, it prepares the ground for understanding the monotheistic world.