چكيده لاتين :
Folk tales are a rich part of the literature of any nation, and by analyzing them, one can understand the beliefs, thoughts, ways of life, archetypes and totems of that nation. Perhaps the best way, and perhaps the only possible way to know the way of life of the ancients, is to study these stories and legends. "In folk tales, all history is recorded with astonishing cultural and doctrinal ups and downs to be used in a structural study of popular beliefs." (Hassanzadeh, 2003: 19). On the other hand, stories have a wonderful and mysterious connection with myths; In a way, the question has arisen in the minds of researchers which of the first two species was formed. In other words, should we assume that myths have influenced stories, or that stories are not a remnant of myths, and in fact it is myths that are based on stories? They have been formed into slang. (In this regard, R. K. Saberi et al., 2019: 205; Afshari, 2009: 70). Neither view can be conclusively accepted; But it is clear that stories and myths have similarities and differences. The story of "Chel Gis" is one of the narratives in which it is very difficult and even impossible to determine the exact border between the story and the myth. This narrative has wonderfully placed mythological themes in its main axes.
2- Research method, background and purpose
The author first records the folklore in a field method and then examines the mythological themes in a library method with a descriptive-analytical approach.
No research has been done so far on this story and the analysis of its mythological themes; But other researchers have looked at similar stories before. For example: Farzaneh Mozaffarian (2012). In the article "Myths and Folk Tales", he has studied the mythical traits in folk tales. Zahra Ansari et al. (2014) in an article entitled "Study and classification of the mythical idea of the tree-man in the folk tales of Hormozg@n" have tried this idea in four parts of the marriage of a girl with a tree, Examine the fertilization of the female by the tree, the belief in the presence of a male demon or jinn in the tree, and the tree-male and male-tree body formation. Morteza Heydari (2017) in a research entitled "Explanation and analysis of mythological themes in the structure of the pre-moon story" has studied the structures of this story based on Propp's theory.
The importance of this type of research is in preserving and recording a part of the literature of this region, which is on the verge of oblivion and sometimes extinction. Although more than two centuries have passed since the serious beginning of the study of humanities scientists on folklore literature, but at least in our country, such studies have not found their place. On the other hand, with the spread of modernism and its manifestations in society, the growth of urbanization, the death of the elderly, the indifference of the young generation to the stories and beliefs of the past and such factors, this rich part of literature is being destroyed. The author considers it obligatory to work hard to preserve a part of this treasure.
3- Discussion
1-3- Goddess Anahita:
Anahita has a special place in the story of "Chel Gis". Although Anahita is not explicitly mentioned in the story, her distinctive features are mentioned in the story. The first and perhaps most important feature of Anahita is the protection of the waters. The spring also plays an important role in folk tales. The girl advises the puppet aunt to go straight to the spring to get pregnant. In the first image, the spring seems to have given a sacred or at least mysterious aspect. A sacred place where you must first wash your head and body to get pregnant.
Anahita's second characteristic is the cleansing of women's wombs. When the girl arrives at the spring with her aunt, the girl asks her aunt to enter the spring first to be cleansed. After entering the spring and the so-called cleansing, the aunt prepares for pregnancy. The third characteristic of Anahita that can be traced in the story is Anahita's power in increasing grain and herd.
In the folk tale, it seems that Anahid came out of the water in one of his animal manifestations, the horse.
2-3- Supporting the magical animal from the protagonist
In the story of Chel Gis, the cow plays this role. This animal has several important features in the story of Chel Gis: a) - The breed of this cow is a fairy. B) - This cow has magical powers. C) - This cow seems to be a totem for forty wigs. D) - Before death, he knows that he is going to be killed, and of course he does not resist and surrenders to fate. E) is both aware of the future and can easily configure.
3-3- Magical plants and their support of the hero
In this story, the trees have a magical quality. In general, trees in this story have three basic characteristics: a) - protection. B) - Speech. C) - Revival. One of the mysteries in this story is the resurrection of the tree. D) - Configuration.
4-3- Fairy Configuration
The fairy tale can be seen in two parts of the story: a) - Zardak is a beautiful fairy who plays the role of a cow with the protagonist. B) - In another part of the story, another fairy appears in the form of a deer and as a supporter of the protagonist.
5-3- Configuring man to the tree and vice versa
The aging of man to tree and tree to man occurs in two parts of the story: a) - In the first part of the story, the aunt of the upright doll rests under an oak tree, which is actually a beautiful woman who is also a messenger of God. . B) - In another part of the story, Zardak asks Chel Gis to bury his bones so that he will not be eaten by predators. From these bones grows a lush, lush tree that symbolically embodies man in the form of a tree.
6-3- The role of trees in female fertility
In this story, the puppet aunt who does not get pregnant, with the help of the girl, first washes her head and body in water and then gets pregnant by eating the fruit of the oak tree.
7-3- The place of fairies in the story
In general, fairies are mentioned in four parts of the story: a) - The real name of Chel Gis is a fairy who is called Chel Gis because of her long hair. B) - The cow that appears in the role of supporting the wig in the story is actually a fairy. C) - A woman who combs her hair by the spring is a fairy. D) - The deer that plays the supporting role of the protagonist is also a fairy.
8-3- Hair as a fertility tool
In the oral story, one of the events that surprises the stepmother is a scene in which a woman washes her hair by the spring and all the apple trees at the bottom of the spring bloom.
9-3- Birth of a story hero
In this story, we are faced with two types of magical and wonderful births: a) - The birth of a girl. In similar cases in folk tales, the name of this girl is chickpea, chickpea or half chickpea. There is no name in this story. In the oral story, the little girl is born like other similar folk tales. B) - The birth of forty wigs. This type of birth - the birth of a hero with a origin - has many examples.
10-3- The sanctity of numbers
The only number in the story is seven. In other words, all the actions and behaviors performed in the story are related to this number.
4- Conclusion
The mythological themes of the story of Chel Gis are as follows: 1- Goddess Anahita has a very important role in the story; Although his name is not mentioned. The three basic characteristics of this god, namely, being the goddess and guardian of water, the increasing power of the herd and the cleansing power of women's wombs, can be seen in the story; This god also appears in the form of one of his animal manifestations, the horse. 2- Magical plants and animals support the hero and take care of him in the moments of the story. 3- One of the influential characters of the story are fairies who are present in different parts of the story with three basic characteristics: they support the protagonist; They are remarkably attached to water and are configured. 4- One of the most repetitive mythological themes in this story is bodybuilding, which is done in two ways: a) - human body to tree and vice versa; B) - The formation of fairies. 5. The principle of female fertility by a tree or plant is one of the common themes in the mythology of nations, which in this story is done by the fruit of an oak tree. . 6- In the story of the forty hairs, hair is presented as a means of fertility, which seems to be a repetition of the myth of the formation of the world from the body of an animal or a giant-god. 7- Two of the characters in the story have different births: a girl who is born without the intervention of her parents and is in fact a pea seed; The other character is Chel Gis - the protagonist - who is born without the intervention of his father and after certain stages that make the atmosphere of the story mythical. 8- The only number that is repeated many times in the story is the number seven.
