مكان‌يابي نقطۀ تفكيك سفارش مشتري مبتني بر گونه‌شناسي زنجيرۀ ‌تأمين

Locating the customer order decoupling point based on supply chain typology

سازمان‍ها براي موفقيت زنجيرۀ تأمين در بازارهاي رقابتي، بـه فراينـدهايي سريع، منعطف و با قابليت انطباق‌‍پذيري بالا نيـاز دارند. دستيابي به اين مهم مستلزم رويكردهاي تركيبي است كه زنجيرۀ تأمين را به يك سيستم‌ يكپارچـۀ مـشتري‌محـور مبدل كند. در اين راستا رويكرد گونه‍شناسي زنجيرۀ تأمين ابزار طبقه‌بندي‌شده‌اي است كه از آن براي تنظيم نظام‌مند مشاهدات كمي و كيفي در قالب توصيف‌هاي مختلف استفاده مي‌شود. هدف از اين پژوهش، مكان‌يابي نقطۀ تفكيك سفارش مشتري براساس رويكرد گونه ‍شناسي زنجيرۀ تأمين، براي محصولات استاندارد و ابداعي در صنعت ‌پليمر استان بوشهر است؛ به‌گونه ‍اي كه هزينه‌‍ هاي توليد انبوه (سيستم فشاري)، توليد سفارشي (سيستم كششي) و هزينۀ انتقال محصولات پليمري كمينه شود. براي حل مسئلۀ پژوهش از دو مدل برنامه‌ريزي رياضي تك‌هدفۀ خطي استفاده شده است كه اين مدل‍ها با نرم‌افزار بهينه‌سازي (MATLAB R2019a) شبيه‍سازي شده‍اند؛ به‌گونه‌اي كه ابتدا مفروضات توليد انبوه و سفارشي تبيين شده است، سپس مقادير بهينۀ متغيرها براي تعيين نقطۀ بهينه محاسبه شده است كه شامل شش مرحله (ريخته‌گري، قالب‌ريزي، اكستروژن، اتصال، برش و تشكيل) ورق‌هاي پليمري است. نتايج حاصل از حل مدل‍هاي مذكور نشان مي‌دهد با توجه به گونه ‍شناسي زنجيرۀ تأمين محصولات پليمري، موقعيت بهينه در ناحيۀ توليد انبارشي و در مرحلۀ برش و قالب‌گيري قرار گرفته است. موقعيت به‌دست‌آمده در اين پژوهش بيان مي‌كند توليدكنندۀ مدنظر قطعات پليمري،‌ كمترين هزينۀ توليدي را در اين مرحله براي توليدات انبوه آتي خود خواهد داشت.

This study aims to locate the Customer Order Decoupling Point (CODP) based on supply chain typology using Make to Stock (MTS) and Make to Order (MTO) approaches for standard and innovative products in the Bushehr Polymer industry. Design/methodology/approach: Two mathematical models have been proposed that seek to minimize the costs of mass production, customized production, and transportation costs. To solve and simulate the models, MATLAB R2019a software has been used. Then, the indicators and requirements of pulling and pushing production management strategies have been extracted and calculated. Findings: The results indicated that the polymerization stages of the products include six stages: casting, molding, extrusion, bonding, cutting, and forming. Also, findings indicated that the optimal locating of (CODP) for polymer products is in the pushing production area and the cutting and molding stage. The determined optimal location indicated that the producer will have the lowest cost at this location for future production. It was inferred that the (CODP) point is based on the supply chain typology approach in the cutting and mass production area. Considering the nature of the linear model minimization of this research, the total cost index (C) indicated the lowest value in this area. Research limitations/implications: Due to the unique characteristics of the case study, the results of this research cannot be generalized to other industries. The covid-19 pandemic resulted in difficult access to data. The lack of research-related studies was another limitation. It was recommended to examine the position (CODP) in the LARG, sustainable and robust supply chain. Also, it was suggested to perform similar research in other industries and compare the results. Practical implications: Most of the company's products were located in the mass production area or standard products, hence, the company must maintain its profit margin by focusing and relying on this area. On the other hand, it should be noted that in the current economic situation, accepting separate orders outside the normal production conditions, not only does not benefit the company but also leads to the loss of the available resources spent on production lines. The supply chain typology of polymer products outlined that the values of the variables of the studied model in a period of 12 months can be calculated based on the point of separation of the customer order. Originality/value: This study removes additional and ineffective patterns in the literature and enumerates the necessary indicators to determine the point of CODP. The innovation aspect of this study is the typological approach of the polymer supply chain and identifying its six steps for determining the CODP point to manage cost and time.