نقش ميرزا محمد اخباري در فراز و فرود مكتب اخباري در دوره فتحعلي شاه (فايل اصلاح كامل بازنگري شده)

The role of Mirza Mohammad Akhbari in the ups and downs of the Akhbari school during the period of Fath Ali Shah

پيروزي علماي اصولي بر اخباري‌ها از مهمترين تحولات دروني تشيع در عهد قاجاريه بود كه همواره با پيامدهاي سياسي و فكري همراه بود. موج سوم جنبش اخباري‌گري توسط ميرزا محمد اخباري آخرين نماينده مهم جريان اخباري‌گري در دوره قاجاريه آغاز شد. پس از اين دوره اخباري‌ها براي هميشه از اصوليها شكست قطعي يافتند. از آن زمان به بعد اصوليان رهبري ديني و سياسي جامعه شيعه را به دست گرفتند. بنابراين مسأله اصلي اين تحقيق، نظر به جايگاه ميرزا محمد اخباري در اين مرحله از جنبش اخباري‌گري، نقش ايشان در فراز و فرود مكتب اخباري در دوره فتحعلي شاه قاجار مي‌باشد.چارچوب نظري اين تحقيق مبتني بر اين ديدگاه است كه قرائت از دين و منـابع دينـي در دورههاي مختلف شكل گرفته و اين امر موجب پيدايش گرايش‌هاي مـذهبي مختلفـي در درون جامعـه شيعي شده است. يافته‌هاي اين تحقيق نشان مي‌دهد كه ميرزامحمد اخباري در دربار فتحعلي شاه قاجار مقرب شد و با تكيه بر قدرت شاه و سوار شدن بر موج احساسات او به ترويج اخبارگري پرداخت . از ديگر سو مي دانيم كه ميرزا محمد، افزون بر اعتقادات تند اخباري و ضد اصولي خود، گرايش به نوعي عقايد مرتبط با علوم غريبه داشت و شايد اين امور و پيامدهاي فكري و مذهبي آن هم در تصميم اصوليان در مقابله با او مؤثر بوده است؛

The victory of the fundamentalist scholars over the Akhbaris was one of the most important internal developments of Shiism in the Qajar period, which was always accompanied by political and intellectual consequences. The third wave of the news movement was started by Mirza Mohammad Akhbari, the last important representative of the news movement in the Qajar period. After this period, the Akhbaris were permanently defeated by the fundamentalists forever. Since then, the fundamentalists have taken over the religious and political leadership of the Shiite community. Therefore, the main issue of this research, considering the position of Mirza Mohammad Akhbari in this stage of the Akhbari movement, is his role in the rise and fall of the Akhbari school during the reign of Fath Ali Shah Qajar. The theoretical framework of this research is based on the view that the reading of religion and religious sources has been formed in different periods and this has led to the emergence of different religious tendencies within the Shiite community. The findings of this study show that Mir Mohammad Akhbari approached the court of Fath Ali Shah Qajar and promoted newsmaking by relying on the power of the Shah and riding on the wave of his emotions. Mirza Mohammad Akhbari did not behave in accordance with the fragile situation of the Shiite community in Iraq and under Ottoman rule, and in any case, his actions, both in Iran and in Iraq, have caused concern among fundamentalist jurists. On the other hand, we know that Mirza Mohammad, in addition to his sharply prophetic and anti-fundamentalist beliefs, tended to some kind of ideas related to foreign sciences, and perhaps these matters and their intellectual and religious consequences were also influential in the decision of the fundamentalists to oppose him;