بررسي و تبيين واگذاري امتياز نفت شمال به شوروي توسط قوام

Considering why Ghavam handed over northern oil to the Soviet unio‎n

جايگاه و موقعيت استراتژيك ايران به سبب وجود چاه‌هاي نفت در شمال و جنوب ايران و اهميت بالاي آن در عرصه‌ي جهاني همواره اين كشور را مورد طمع استعمارگران قرار داده است. پس از پايان جنگ جهاني دوم، انگلستان نيروهاي خود را از ايران خارج كرد ولي شوروي به بهانه هايي در پي كسب امتياز بود. در اين زمان بود كه نقش قوام به عنوان نخست‌وزير ايران كه رابطه نسبتاً خوبي با شوروي داشت در تخليه قواي شوروي به چشم خورد. سئوال اصلي اين است كه نقش قوام‌السلطنه در واگذاري امتياز نفت شمال چه بود و چه هدفي داشت؟ سياست قوام در اين موضوع بسيار پيچيده بود، چرا كه وي مي‌بايست هم به عنوان نخست‌وزير، حافظ منافع ايران باشد و از طرفي ديگر منافع شوروي، كه از او حمايت كرده بود را بايد حفظ مي‌كرد. اين مقاله با هدف بررسي روابط ايران و شوروي در اين دوره و چرايي واگذاري نفت شمال به شوروي توسط قوام، سعي كرده است تا چگونگي مذاكرات و حل مسئله تخليه نيروهاي شوروي از خاك ايران را بررسي كند. روش تحقيق نيز كيفي است و به صورت تاريخي به توصيف و تحليل وقايع پرداخته شده است. يافته ها نشان مي‌دهد؛ نيت و هدف اصلي قوام از واگذاري اين امتياز، نه از بعد خيانت به كشور، بلكه اين امر فقط وسيله و ابزاري جهت بيرون راندن نيروهاي شوروي از خاك ايران بوده است.

Iran's strategic position has always been coveted by the colonialists due to the existence of oil wells in the north and south of Iran and its great importance in the world arena. During World War II, when Iran was occupied by the Soviet unio‎n and Britain, and after the end of the war, Britain withdrew its forces from Iran, but the Soviet unio‎n sought to gain concessions under the pretext of that. It was at this time that Ghavam's role as prime minister of Iran, which had relatively good relations with the Soviet unio‎n, was evident in the evacuation of Soviet forces. The main question is what was the role of Ghavam Al-Saltanah in handing over the northern oil concession and what was its purpose? Ghavam's policy on this issue was very complicated, because he, as prime minister, had to protect Iran's interests, and on the other hand, he had to protect the interests of the Soviet unio‎n, which had supported him. This article aims to examine the relationship between Iran and the Soviet unio‎n during this period and why Ghavam handed over northern oil to the Soviet unio‎n, and tried to discuss how to negotiate and resolve the issue of Soviet withdrawal from Iranian territory. The research method is also qualitative and has historically described and analyzed the events. Findings show; Ghavam's main purpose in handing over this concession was not to betray the country, but only as a means to expel Soviet forces from Iranian territory.