ارائه برنامه آموزش حل مسئله خانواده محور براي والدين كودكان با نشانگان داون

Providing a family-oriented problem-solving training program for parents of Down syndrome children

ﻫﺪف: اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف اراﺋﻪ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ آﻣﻮزش ﺣﻞ ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﻣﺤﻮر ﺑﺮاي واﻟﺪﯾﻦ ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن ﺑﺎ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺎن داون ﺗﺪوﯾﻦ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﯽ رﺳﺪ ﺑﺮاي ارﺗﻘﺎي ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﻫﻤﻪ اﻓﺮاد ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده اﺻﻼح ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﺎري ﺷـﯿﻮه ﻫـﺎي واﻟـﺪﮔﺮي از اﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار اﺳﺖ. اﺻﻼح ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﮐﺎرﮐﺮدي ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﻫﺎي داراي ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن ﺑﺎ ﻧﯿﺎزﻫﺎي وﯾﮋه از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن ﺑﺎ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺎن داون ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ وﯾﮋﮔﯽ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت رواﻧﯽ - اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﺷﺎن ﺿﺮوري ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈـﺮ ﻣـﯽ رﺳـﺪ . ﺑـﺮ اﯾـﻦ اﺳـﺎس ﺗﻮاﻧﻤﻨﺪﺳﺎزي واﻟﺪﯾﻦ از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ روي آوردﻫﺎي ﻧﻮﯾﻦ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ رﻓﺘﺎري ﻣﺎﻧﻨـﺪ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺣﻞ ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﻣﺤﻮر از اوﻟﻮﯾﺖ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻬﻢ ﺟﻮاﻣﻊ رﺷـﺪ ﯾﺎﻓﺘـﻪ ﻗﻠﻤﺪاد ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد. روش: در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﻨﺪ ﻧﺨﺴﺖ ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺖ و اﻫﻤﯿﺖ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺷﺪ ﺳﭙﺲ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﯽ آﻣﺎده ﺳﺎزي ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ ﺣﻞ ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﻣﺤﻮر وﯾﮋه واﻟﺪﯾﻦ ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن ﺑﺎ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺎن داون ﮐﻪ ﺗﻠﻔﯿﻘﯽ ﻧﻮآوراﻧﻪ از ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎي"ﻣﻦ ﺗﻮاﻧﻢ ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ ام را ﺣﻞ ﮐﻨﻢ" و ﺗﺮﺑﯿﺖ ﮐﻮدك/ ﻧﻮﺟﻮان اﻧﺪﯾﺸﻤﻨﺪ" اﺳﺖ، اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ: ﻣﺮور ﺷﻮاﻫﺪ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﯽ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﮐﺎرﺑﺴﺖ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺣﻞ ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﻣﺤﻮر ﺑﺮ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ رﻓﺘﺎري ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن و ﻧﻮﺟﻮاﻧﺎن ﺑﺎ ﻧﯿﺎزﻫﺎي وﯾﮋه و واﻟﺪﯾﻦ آﻧﻬﺎ اﺛﺮ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ دارد. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي: ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﻟﺰوم ﺗﻮﺟـﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﺑﻬﺰﯾﺴـﺘﯽ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﺗﺪوﯾﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎي ﮐﺎرآﻣﺪ ﺑﻮﻣﯽ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس اﻟﮕﻮي اﯾﺮاﻧﯽ- اﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﺿﺮوري اﺳﺖ. ﮐﺎرﺑﺴﺖ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ آﻣﻮزش ﺣﻞ ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﻣﺤﻮر ﺑـﻪ وﺳﯿﻠﻪ واﻟﺪﯾﻦ ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن ﺑﺎ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺎن داون ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪ زﯾﺎدي اﻧﮕﯿﺰه ﯾﺎدﮔﯿﺮي ﺗﻮاﻧﺶ ﻫﺎي ﻋﻤﻠﯽ ﻣﯿﺎن ﻓﺮدي آﻧﻬﺎ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ داده و واﻟﺪﯾﻦ ﺑﺎ اﺗﺨﺎذ ﺳﺒﮏ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ ﮔﺸﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺑﻬﺰﯾﺴﺘﯽ رواﻧﯽ- اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﺧﻮد و ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن ﺷﺎن را ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﻨﺪ.

Aim: This study was developed with the aim of providing a family-oriented problem solving training program for parents of children with Down syndrome. It seems that structural modification of parenting practices is very important to improve the quality of life of all family members. It seems necessary to modify the functional structure of families with children with special needs, including children with Down syndrome, due to their different psycho-social characteristics. Based on this, empowering parents through new cognitive-behavioral approaches such as family-oriented problem solving programs is considered one of the important priorities of developed societies. Methods: In this organized research, first the nature and importance of this issue was investigated, then how to prepare a family-oriented problem solving educational program for parents of children with Down syndrome, which is an innovative combination of "I can solve my problem" and "Education of a thinking child/teenager" program was presented. Results: A review of the available empirical evidence shows that the application of the family-oriented problem solving program has a positive effect on the behavioral change of children and adolescents with special needs and their parents. Conclusion: Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the well-being of the family through the formulation of efficient localized programs based on the Iranian-Islamic model. The application of the family-oriented problem-solving training program by the parents of children with Down syndrome has greatly increased their motivation to learn practical interpersonal skills, and parents can provide psychological and social well-being conditions for themselves and their children by adopting a problem-solving coping style.