روند ايجاد، نشر و تغييرات فناوري كشاورزي در قرن بيستم

The Trend of Agricultural Technology Creation, Diffusion and Changes in Twentieth Century

Technology in the sense of knowledge application, either mechanically or biologically, has always been considered as a means of achieving human well-being since long ago, but attracted more attention and importance in the 20th century. Foundation of research systems would be a basic step to create such technologies. Drawing on library resources, this paper tries to review the design procedure of agricultural technology creation and diffusion including official research system, on-farm research and extension system, rapid rural appraisal, and participatory rural appraisal. The studyʹs findings indicate that the technology creation and diffusion trend in the 20th century has been a quite faster than those of the previous centuries, so that it might he suggested to involve two periods, emphasizing on particular issues in each one: the green revolution or high-yield period, characterized by an abundant production; and the post-green revolution period, characterized by an agricultural technology creation adaptable with the conditions of farmers as well as by its emphasis on their knowledges in formulating development plans.