The Goals and Components of Educational Reproach with an Emphasis on the Views of Allamah Ṭabāṭabāʼī in the Tafsir of al-Mīzān

In the Holy Quran, God addresses sinners in various ways and speaks to them through clarification of sins, admonition, prohibition, warning, and so on. It seems that sometimes God has reproached sinners: O you who have believed, why you say what you do not do? (Quran, 61:2) and Why do you not spend in the way of Allah while to Allah belongs the heritage of the heavens and the earth? (Quran, 57:10). Reproach is a communicative behavior, a speech-action, and a type of purposeful and active performance; when it is done correctly, can have positive individual and social effects. However, when it is unethical and irrational, it will leave destructive effects. Despite its importance, reproach has been neglected in research works and has not been addressed as an educational method in educational books. Some individuals have even focused on the negative aspects of reproach. Therefore, reproach as an educational method is almost unknown. The present study aims to extract the cognitive, emotional, and behavioral components of reproach and its goals in the Holy Quran based on the interpretation of al-Mīzān.