مباني نظري الگوهاي ارزشيابي آموزشي

Theoretical Foundations of Educational Evaluation

The present article is an attempt to review the ethical , epistemological, and political foundations of educational evaluation. In ethical domain the ethical objectivism and the ethical subjectivism are discussed, and the two main schools of thought , the uteliterianist and intutionalist are presented. In epistemological domain, the naturalist, the empericist, and the pluralist points of views are discussed and the main variables of each are compared. In discussing the political foundations of educational evaluation process, two main points of views, the one emphasizing on the role of the government, and the one emphasizing the role of public are compared and the consequences of each are pinpointed. The paper concludes with a brief discussion of different evaluation models with respect to their relationship, ethical, epistemological, and political concerns.