بررسي نظام مطلوب مطبوعات افغانستان از منظر صاحب نظران ، استادان و روزنامه نگاران افغان مقيم داخل و خارج

A Study of the Preferable Media System For Afghanistan

One of the main objectives of this research was to explain the desirable system for Afghanistan media. The media system of this country, in which journalism is as old as 129 years, is now declining, as a result of the crisis and the 23-year war. In order to fill in this communication gap with the past and to preserve achievements of this cultural industry, I decided to explain the future desirable system of the media scientifically. To this end, I reviewed the doctrines and systems of the western media. I also considered the journalistic experiences of Afghanistan, applying the test of freedom. Finally, for the first time ever, various systems of Afghanistan media were distinguished. Applying the Q Sort Method which is the most suitable method for testing theories, a questionnaire was desigend and prepared in the framework of the Likert 7 Degree Scale Questions. In making the questionnaire, 75 items, representing five Western media systems (Authoritarian, Liberal, Social Responsibility, Communist and Media Development) were used. The questionnaire was sent to 60 Afghan professors and journalists who had the experience record of working as journalist for the period of at least 10 years. Of these learned and experience individuals, 45 professors and journalists inside Iran and in other countries answered the questions. Having received the responses, statistical calculations were made by applying QUANAL Computer Software. The three types of interviewees (namely the professors, the journalists settled in Iran and the journalists living abroad) were divided into two categories; then the correlation coefficient between them was calculated in order to determine the degree of correlation between every interviewee with other interviewees. There were also calculated the weight amounts of interviewssa in Types 1 and 2, and Standard Grades (Z Scores) thereof using the given weight amounts. Finally, having analyzed the data, it was established that the interviewees primarily agree with Social Responsibility and Liberal Systems and that they oppose Authoritarian and Communist Media Systems. This is understood from the fact that that they have shown tendency towards enjoyment of liberal and non-governmental conditions. To put it another way, the desirable Media System for Afghanistan, according to 45 interviewees who filled in the questionnaire constituting the subject meatter of this research, is a combination of Social Responsibility and Liberal Systems and this result confirms the hypothesis of this research.