شرايط اجتماعي و گفتمان هاي روشنفكري در آستانه انقلاب مشروطه

Social Conditions and Intellectual Discourses at the Dawn of Constitutional Revolution

The purpose of the present article is to analyze the dominant intellectual discourse and examine the impact of internal and external conditions of the Iranian society in the shaping of intellectual ideas at the beginning of the constitutional revolution in the country. It covers the period from 1270 to 1288 solar calendar (1891-1909), and studies the various political, social, cultural and economic features of the society with regard to internal conditions and intellectual, cultural, political and socio-economic impacts of the West, under the title "International Conditions". The article classifies intellectual ideas according to the concept of discourse. The dataare collected from twosources: the scientific and historical documents about social conditions at the beginning of the constitutional revolution in Iran, and analysis of the quality and quantity of the dominant discourse of the period. Thus 38 issues of Ghanoun Newspaper, published by Mirza Malkum Khan at that time, were selected for analysis of the dominant discourse. The findings demonstrate that first of all, there exists a relation between the various social conditions and the dominant discourse of the time. Second, some of the features of the dominant discourse possess internal correlation. Third, many of the features of the dominant discourse are significantly related to the variable of time. So the discourse dominant in the constitutional revolution can he compared to a mirror which reflects the conditions, problems and solutions of the society at that time.