اقتصاد سياسي تركيه در فاصله سال هاي 1950-1920

SOCIO - ECONOMIC CHANGES IN TURKEY DURING1920-50

With respect to the class composition of the ruling elites and the social bases of the Kemalist regime were not done radically and balanced. Despite the achievement of political independence and widespread political and cultural reforms, economic dependence was maintained by Lausanne Treaty and the country adopted an export - oriented policy within the framework of internatoinal market and economy by selling raw materials and agricultural products that mainly ruling groups benefited from it and bureaucratic and military elites together with commercial and landed elites prevented from the forming of national bourgeoisie and modern or industrial entrepreneurship. Middle and lower classes both in rural and urban areas did not benefit from these changes because of the lack of any king of radical change like land reforms. Global economic crisis in 1929 forced Turkey to adopt import - substitution policy like many Latin American countries, but despite the growth of manufacture inustries and the increase of its share in GDP, etatism and authoritarianism and patrimonialism in the form of one party and leader and interest conflict between commercial and industrial interest groups impeded from industrialization together with an independent role of the entrepreneurs and private sector and thecnological and scientific innovation. Also agriculture was neglected. The penetration of foreign companies and Turkeyʹs political, economic, monetary, and commercial linkage with the west and especially US, during and after WWII in the cold war era strengthened the position of already formed comporador bourgeoisie, In sum despite economic growth and the enlargement of industrial sector, there was no flexible and sustainable and independent strategy of industrialization in line with national interests and economic development and poverty and inequality and class gap together with suppression and authoritarianism and dependency led the country to crisis and the middle and lower classes demanded changes which newly born party of Democratic Party in the 1950s tried to benefit from this new climate.