آزادي و اختيار انسان با تكيه بر ديدگاه حكماي مسلمان

HUMANʹS FREEDOM AND FREE WILL WITH EMPHASIS ON THE POINT OF VIEWS OF MUSLIM PHILOSOPHERS

Freedom is among the most basic issues related to man and his social life, which has been discussed under various topics. Man has an independent character, has wisdom and has a free will; inclination towards freedom and feeling of redemption are inherent in his essence. On the selection of way in his life, nothing dominates or prevents him from his selection, for God has created him wise and free. Manʹs willing perfection, which is an indiciator of his personality and a result of the blosoming of his talents, demonstrate his freodam. On the approach of Muslim sages, manʹs freedom is necessary for his attainment to salvation and this necessity is a result of the faculty of speech and other faculties in his premordial nature, for he is responsible for his salvation or domination. Basically, freedom is the possibility, ability and translation of will into action towards becoming human being. It also means liberation from the domination and boundages of others. On this approach, social freedom refers to this ability that man acquires from the sociely to materialize his will in order to remove the bonds and boundages. on the basis of the Islamic approach, freedom is materialized in three stages: inner freedom (spiritual, intellectual); extrinsic freedom (freedom in the materialization of will); socialʹ freedom (non - submission to the social idles). In this approach, freedom is the divine generation and evolution, which is untransferable and cannot be delegated. It is one the fundamental pillars of the formation and evolution of the society.