نظريه مطابقت در صدق و پارادكس دروغ گو

The Theory of Correspondence in Truth and the Liar Paradox

After taking into consideration different definitions of the theory of correspondence in truth ranging from Aristotle and Islamic philosophers to modern Western logicians, the present research deals with its major challenge, i.e. the liar paradox. Such Islamic logicians and philosophers as al-Taftazani, al-Dawwani, and Sadr al-Din al-Dashtaki have offered various solutions to that problem. Among Western logicians, solution of Russel and Tarskiʹs theorem are considered the most well-known contemporary solutions. Following a comparative critical investigation of those solutions, an acceptable expounding of the theory of correspondence, based on the theory of "real fundamentality of existence" and the philosophical rule of "union of the intelligent with the intelligible" of Mulla Sadra, will be offered in such a way that no presented problem can shake it.