جايگاه كيهان شناختي دايره و مربع در معماري مقدس (اسلامي )

THE COSMOLOGICAL PLACE OF CIRCLE AND SQUARE IN SACRED ARCHITECTURE (ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE)

T he traditional art and Architecture are based on the principle of Correspondence between human and Universe. On the simple traditional humanʹs view, humanity concepts are so expended that include Universe which is described as a human. It seems that according to this theory there is a vast expand similarity between Universal concepts and humanity concepts. The influence of this theory in sacred architecture is a similarity between geometrical dimension of temple - as the small type of universe - and body of human ( this matter is improved in Hindu and Buddhism architecture and Christian architecture that believes in church as the body of Jesus) so the structure of Universe and human are the same .Because of this meaning in cosmology of oriental religions (especially Islam) geometrical forms explain the dimension of Universe and are manifested in sacred architecture. In this way, circle and square are in especial place that in cosmological text, show us unlimited Universe(as a circle)and its limited dimension(as a square). In Islamic civilization Kabah , is the most important symbol on this theory .This article describes the manifestation of sacred geometry in Islamic architecture.