مقايسه ساختار معلول و مجهول (جهت فعل ) در زبان روسي و فارسي

Structural Comparison Between Active and Passive Verbs in Russian and Persian Languages

The relation between subject, object and complement on the basis of properties of verb and lack of this relation (lack of object or complement) causes the verb to be divided into two groups of active and passive in Persian language. The active verbs are verbs which cause the object or complement in a sentence. Vice versa, the passive verbs cannot have an object because of their valence property. In the past, passive verbs were used in the Persian language very sparingly. Nowadays however with the influence of foreign languages, the passive verbs are used more frequently. In these structures logical subject or subjective complement are mostly used. In active sentence, subject and in passive sentence complement with some words such as: by means of, received from, through, from, etc. are normally used.