ادله غزالي و رازي در رد و اثبات تجرد نفس

Proofs of Al-Gazzali and al-Rani for and against Abstraction of the Soul Al-Gazzaliʹs and al-Raziʹs

Abstraction of the soul is among major discussions in the Islamic philosophy which is paid less attention to by Islamic theologians. Philosophers defend this theory while most of theologians are against it. Some proofs for abstraction of the soul are presented in the prepeatutic philosophy which are reflected in the works of two distinguished theologians who criticized that school. Those two thinkers have adapted the position of philosophers in some of their works while going closer to that of theologians in some other. The said proofs, however, are not at same position in terms of strength and weakness. Some of them, such as the demonstration on the basis of simplicity of perceptions, is very strong while some others are refutable. Besides, critiques of al-Gazzali and al-Rani of those proofs are not void of some problems. Having referred briefly to ideas of al-Gazzali and al-Rani, their proofs concerning refutation or affirmation of abstraction of the soul is surveyed and criticized in this article.