مقايسه اي تاريخي در تحول عقل گرايي و انسان گرايي در شرق و غرب

A Historical Comparison between the Development of Rationalism and Humanism in the East and West

This paper is a survey on the historical as well as cultural sociology and mainly seeks to compare two periods of cultural development in the East and West which happened with a time interval of about seven centuries. In the 3rd and 4th Century A. H. (9th and 10th century A. D.) a great cultural revolution was initiated in the East Whick led to the extensive development of the knowledge and scientific experiences of some of the oriental communities. On the other hand, people of the Western Europe witnessed the origination of an influential culture called Renaissance from 15th to I tith century. A. D. The historical evidence and references show that there are basic and content similarities between these two cultural developments. The most important of these similarities is that they were both accompanied with the origination of rationalism and humanistic thoughts. However, the variables of time and space have caused some explicative and content differences between these two developments. On the basis of these similarities and differences, one can introduce the hypothesis that the origination of cultural developments (in different places and at different times) has to follow a general rule and that the partial differences between them are due to their origination at a different time and place. Also it is interesting to he noticed that the two above-mentioned developments, occurred in different historical and cultural conditions, have had considerable historical relations with each other continued up to the present time. Now the question is that can these common backgrounds, the historical and cultural relations, and the tact that the cultural developments, follow common given rules lead to a sort of relative unity in the 21st century world?