توصيف نظام ضماير شخصي در زبان فارسي با نگاهي همسان در زبان آلماني

The description of the personal pronoun system in Persian with the same view in German

The pronominal reference in Persian is accomplished in several different ways: through personal verb endings, through separable pronominal forms, and through enclitic pronominal forms. It is useful to consider pronominal forms formally as consisting of two types: separable and affixed. In this paper, three suffixed pronominal forms are surveyed: verbal suffixes, nonverbal suffixes, and verbal & nonverbal suffixes. The first paradigm includes nonverbal suffixes not principally connected to the verbal stem. The second paradigm includes verbal suffixes connected only to the verbal stem. The third paradigm includes verbal & nonverbal suffixes that may be, or may not be, connected to the verbal stem. In the present study, the appearance of these paradigms are examined, in distributive form, in the standard and colloquial language of Persian. Lastly, there are no suffixed pronominal forms in German.