ويژگي هاي واج از ديدگاه مكاتب واج شناسي مسكو و پترزبورگ و مقايسه اجمالي با مطالب موجود در فارسي

A Comparison Between Phonology and Phonetics in Russian with a focus on the findings of some Iranian scholars

Phonology is a branch of linguistics which studies the system or pattern of speech sounds used in languages. Theories developed in this area of linguistics have either a general or a particular nature. In the latter, the sounds of a certain language are studied with regard to the distinctions they make, their mental and abstract aspects, patterns of phonemes, and their auditory and perceptive features. Methods of studying phonemes differ in different schools of phonology. In the Moscow school of phonology, phonetic transcription is totally separate from phonological transcription. What makes the Moscow school of phonology different from other schools, even from the Saint Petersburg school, is the issue of potential basic, strong position of phonemes in the roots of words and in their derivations whereas in phonetics, phonemes are studied only in their actual positions. Phonemes and their features are defined identically in both Moscow and Saint Petersburg schools with regard to their basic, clear, strong forms but in case of phonological and phonotactic processes they follow different methods and principles. Following the theoretical insights of the Moscow school of phonology, this article deals with the nature of phonemes and their functions, with a focus on the findings of some Iranian scholars.