ساختار فعل در گويش گزي‌

Verbal Structures in Gazi Dialect

Introduction The Gazi dialect is spoken by the inhabitants of Gaze-Borkhar, a town located in Esfahan province. It is considered as a member of central Iranian dialects. There are major differences between this dialect and standard Persian. Interestingly, it has various similarities to Pahlavi, a middle Iranian language. This paper discusses the structure of verbs in this dialect to explore a small part of its gramrner, Research questions and hypothesis It is evident that regional dialects are strongly influenced by the standard language. Indeed, they are going to extinguish under this pressure. This study seeks some answers to the following questions: I. What is the structure of verbs in Gszi dialect" 2. How many tenses are there in this dialect? 3. What are the differences of intransitive and transitive verbsʹ) 4. How are verbs conjugated in different tenses? 5. What are the roles of suffixes and prefixes in the verbal structuresʹ) Methodology This study is based on both written and oral data. The written data is obtained from the poetical works of Darvish Abbas Gazi who lived 100 years ago. Also, a corpus of oral data is gathered from the everyday conversations of speakers, notably old people. Afterwards, these materials are transcribed and different verbal structures are distinguished based on their formal and functional behaviors. Results Analysing the corpus, I have demonstrated that there are three kinds or verbs in this dialect in terms of word formation: simple, derivative, and compound. It is notable that in derivative verbs the prefix may change the meaning like the stem -xus- in the following examples: be-xus (beat) da-xus (throw) va-xus (subvert) va-xus (throwaway) The conjugation of intransitive verbs is different from transitive ones. In intransitive verbs the subject endings occur after the stems: bume-ryjun (I came) burne-ern (We came) bume-i (You came) bume-id (You came) burue-o (lie came) burne-end (They came) In transitive verbs these ending occur before the stems: bi-m-di (I saw) bi-mun-di (We saw) bi-d-di (You saw) bi-dun-di (You saw) bi-z-di (He saw) bi-zun-di (They saw) In this paper the conjugation of past tenses including simple past, perfect, progressive, past perfect, and subjunctive are described. Besides, simple present, present SUbjunctive, imperatives. copular verbs and their conjugations have been described. Discussion and conclusion The Gazi dialect has a distinctive structure that is very different from the standard Persian. It also has a proper literature reflected in the works of Danish Abbas. Indeed this dialect has a specific grammatical structure. For example. suffixe and subject pronouns in intrasitive verbs occur after the stem, while these morphemes in transitive verbs occur before the stem. It should be noted that this paper is restricted to tile structure of verbs. Other issues like phonological system. lexical relation, and semantic matters need more investigations.