اصول نظريه حقوق فطري در انديشه استاد مطهري

The Principles of the Natural Rights Theory according to Ayatollah Motahari

This paper presents the concept, to which Ayatollah Motahari refers as thebasis of any rule or order in Islam including those considering the animals, nature and environment. Ayatollah Motahari believes that some of the rules cannot be justified without the aid of natural rights and the Final Destiny, which Allah has identified for man. He insists that such a concept is just presented in Divine Philosophy and the West philosophy is incapable of justifying such matters. Thus, he concludes that it cannot present firm reasons for the matters as animal rights, nature and environment, for it lacks the idea of Final Destiny. Divine Philosophy addresses to the natural interest that man holds toward nature and all the beings, since all the universe is created to serve man. This is a minor point that is secured when we believe in the Omnipotent, who controls the universe and has created all the creatures serving each other. On the other hand, the materialistic attitude of the West emphasizes on the coincidental creation of the entire universe and cannot justify the natural rights of man. He finally presents his theory of "Natural Rights" or "Rational Rights" based on the four principles of Final Destiny, Divine creation and Divine legislation, equality of right and responsibility, and natural rights.