بررسي سه ساله مسموميتهاي دارويي ، شيميايي و گياهي در كودكان (1375-1373)

A Three Year Study of Drugs, Chemicals and Plants Poisoning in Children

Background and Objectives: Various strategies for prevention of poisoning has been suggested by use of education policies or enhancing the awareness of poison information centers, specially in case of children. Accidental pediatric poisoning can be prevented if primary prevention strategies are timely followed. To evaluate the causes and mortality of poisoning in children and for prevention of poisoning , this survey was done to aid poison prevention educational efforts. Materials and Methods: The 502 poisoning cases referred to the Children Medical Center and Asad Abady Hospital in Tabriz over three years (1994 -1996) were evaluated retrospectively. Results: The overall male to female ratio was 1:3, most poisoning occurred in the age group of 1-3 yrs. Ingestion of hydrocarbons was the most common cause of poisoning (25.5%), followed by Datura stramonium (13.5%), and organophosphore insecticides (10.36%). There was slight seasonal variation with the highest number of cases being observed in summer. Mortality rate was 0.2% for all exposures. The majority of these poisoning cases occured accidentally and only 0.6% were intentionally attempted. Conclusion: It is proposed that different fields of clinical toxicology such as poison control and clinical prevention of poisoning should progress. We focus on three major accomplishments with an emphasis on (a) poison prevention utilizing pre -event (primary prevention), (b) the event (secondary prevention), and (c) the post event (tertiary prevention) models.