بررسي تطبيقي برهان جهان شناختي فلسفي و كلامي

Comparative Investigation of Two Cosmological Argwnents: Philosophical and Theological

Cosmological demonstrations are among the most important arguments which are used by both tbe philosophers and the MutakallimOn (speculative theologians) to establish the existence of God. From the philosophersʹ viewpoint, the core of such an argument is contingency and necessity, whereas from Mutakallimlrrʹs point of view. it is eternity (qidarn) and creation (hudOth).The present paper is going to clarify these two arguments and their foundations. Then it deals with the criterion of the need of an effect for a cause according to the philosophersʹ and the MutakallimTnʹs viewpoints. Finally, it criticizes the arguments, presenting Mulla Sadraʹs opinions in this concern.