تاثير نوع جلب توجه الگوي مشاهده اي بر يادگيري مهارت پرتاب دارت: نقش واسطه اي خود - كارامدي

Effect of Attentional Focus Observational Model on the Learning of Dart Throwing Skill: The Mediator Role of Self-efficacy

The purpose of the present investigation was to study the effect of focus of attention observational model on the learning of dart throwing skil1.48 physical education students without any experiences on the dart skill selected voluntarily and divided into four groups: type of practice (physical and observational) and type of focus of attention (internal and external) according to their pre-tests results. Self-efficacy has been measured through dart throwing self-efficacy questionnaire that developed by investigator according to Banduraʹs guidelines (r = .93, .83) and has been applied at the pre-test, acquisition and transfer phases. Internal-focus group attended on their limbs functions but extemal-focus group attended on darts and target. Observational groups only performed the task in the retention and transfer phases. The total trials for acquisition, retention and transfer phases were 60, 12 and 12 trials, respectively. Mixed factorial analyses have shown the significant main effect of focus of attention with priority of externally focus on the learning but oot performance of dart skill through mediating of self-efficacy (P0.05). In conclusion, one of the learning effects of external focus of attention is psychological changes, such as self-efficacy; however, there is not any difference between focus on limb and movement effects on the acquisition of motor idea by observational model.