كليدواژه :
جنبش اجتماعي , مساعدت ساختاري , فشار ساختاري , باورهاي تعميم يافته , عوامل شتاب زا , بسيج جمعي , كنترل اجتماعي
چكيده لاتين :
The present article attempts to offer a sociological analysis of the
Constitutional Movement of Iran by applying Smelserʹs theory of
Structural Strain and, hence, to evaluate the theory. The analysis of the
movement reveals that the Iranian society in the late Nasseri era and early
stages of the rule of Muzafarudin Shah lacked any functional equilibrium
in its political and economic structure. However, once these objective
crises were situated in specific subjective grounds, that is, Shia-Iranian
political culture, it led to the collapse of the foundations of legitimacy of
political system preparing the third conducive ground for collective
uprising against the status quo. The trio crisis structurally led to material
and evaluative contradictions between the society and the government,
exerting economic, political and ideological strains on the three main
strata of the society, that is, the bazaaris, the intellectuals, and the clergy.
In a short period, these structural stains spilled over from the objective
level to the subjective level. leading to the formation of generalized
beliefs among these leading strata of the Constitutionalsʹ Movement
about the nature, origin, and quality of an outlet from the existing crises.
These strata did not agree on what and why of the strain, but agreed on
how to get out of the structural strains. Under these circumstances, the
occurrence of some provocative events which were the objective
examples acknowledging the aforementioned beliefs strongly provoked
the bazaaris, ulama and intellectuals and led to the materialization of
collective mobilization potentials. The leadership of this mobilization was
with the Ulama and intellectuals while its logistic sources (i.e. financial,
monetary and support) was with the bazaaris. Meanwhile mosques and
pulpits served as the communication channels of the movement for the
promotion of the generalized beliefs and establishing contacts between
the leadership and the mobilized body. Such a mobilization materialized
through sit-ins, public strikes and meaningful migrations. Finally, the
unconvincing structural adjustment and insufficient suppression by the
government plus inefficiency of the suppressive system due to internal
rifts on the one hand and within the suppressive forces on the other hand
led to the ineffectiveness of the suppressive system and victory of the
movement.
In the concluding part of the paper, relying on the findings of the present
research, thc theory of structural strain has been evaluated in such areas
as Ignorance of the cultural context. intra-systemic factors, unwanted
factors, dynamism and volatility of the movement, and, finally, the
composite ideology of the leaders of the movement in distinguishing the
problem and its causes.
