نظريه اخلاقي قاضي عبدالجبار معتزلي

Qadi Abdul-Jabbar al-Mu"taziliʹs Moral Theory

Qadi "Abdul-Jabbar, although has come to be Known as a Muʹtazili theologian, can be certainly mentioned as a moral philosopher by attention to his ethical views in the theological books. The paper is going to present his ethical opinions concerning normative ethics and Meta-ethics. It shows that s Abdul-Jabbar is a rationalist moral philosopher, who considers reason as the origin of moral obligations, and as the means of evaluating the Tightness and wrongfulness of actions. Moreover, he is an essentialist, that is, he regards the nature of actions as the source of lightness or wrongfulness of actions, rather than the external factors. Furthermore, he is a rule-deontologist, who « ^- holds human beings must act in accordance with rules and duties. In addition ^ to these, he is an ethical intuitionist and foundationalist; that is to say, he believes that there exist basic moral propositions that can be intellectually V intuitionable. These propositions expressing moral principles are evident and necessary ones, and determinant foundations of other duties, whether theoretical or practical.