رابطه وجود و ماهيت در فلسفه ارسطو و ابن سينا

The Relation between Existence and Quiddity in the Philosophies of Aristotle and Ibn Sina

In his philosophy, Aristotle, on the one hand, has created a close relation between existence and substance so that he can reduce questions about existence to those about substance, and, on the other hand, believes in the substance-essence relation. That is why it is very difficult in his philosophy to distinguish existence, substance, and essence from each other. This has led experts on Aristotle to wonder if there is a distinction between existence and essence in his philosophy. Moreover, they ask, if there is any distinction, is it merely a mental/logical/epistemological one , or whether there is an objective/metaphysical/real one as well ? In this paper, we intend to show that what we see in Aristotleʹs works is only a mental or subjective distinction between existence and essence. Therefore, there is no need to a metaphysical one, nor could he believe in such a distinction. We will also discuss that, in the world ofTslam, Farabi and Ibn Sina, by moving from the Aristotelian mental distinction to the metaphysical distinction between existence and quiddity, managed to present a novel interpretation and explanation of ontology, cosmology, and theology so that we can new speak about an independent philosophical system for Muslims.