طراحي ابزاري ايراني جهت اندازه گيري نگرش به رايانه

Developing an Iranian scale for determining attitudes toward computer

Introduction: The use of computers has been increased in recent years. Many factors involve and the attitude toward computer is one of them. The purpose of this study was to develop an Iranian scale for determining attitude toward computer and to test its content and face validities. Methods: The scale was developed in 4 phases. Phase 1: reviewing literature to define "computer attitude;" Phase 2: constructing item following a thorough literature review and interviewing with 20 computer experts and users; Phase 3: testing content validity of the scale and selecting 20 computer experts to rate items based on ʹrelevance,ʹ ʹclarity,ʹ and ʹsimplicityʹ by a four-point scale; Phase 4: determining face validity of the scale. Results: From phase 1 and 2, definition of "computer attitude" was determined and 60 items ranked by a 5-point Likert scale were developed. In phase 3 and 4, the researcher analyzed the results of the content validity of the scale. The items with %75 content validity index or more based on expertsʹ opinions were kept and the rest were omitted (26 items). At the end, 34 items were selected. The scale was then tested for face validity by a panel of 20 computer experts and users (lecturers and students). Conclusion: The results of the study showed that the Iranian Computer Attitude Scale (ICAS) with 34 items is valid. With respect to the importance of computer attitude determination and its close connection to computer usage, determining attitudes toward computer in organizations is suggested. Furthermore, measuring psychometric properties of the scale is suggested for future studies.