مفهوم بدن در انديشه فلسفي مرلوپونتي و چالش هاي نظري در قرائت جامعه شناختي آن

The Concept of Body in the Philosophical Thought of Merleau Ponty and the Theoretical Challenges in Its Sociological Reading

Before the second half of the 1980 S, most sociologists in the medical and general sociology would not consider human body, and were just interested in reflection on its incorporeal aspects. Turner considers the negligence of corporal sociology as resulted from the philosophical tradition of the separation of subject and object proposed by Descartes. The Cartesian dichotomy is a philosophical concept and based on the principle that the mind and body are separated from one another. The critiques believe that such a dichotomy, to the expense of underplaying the body and the material world and the close relationship between body and mind, has too many effects on mind, soul, ideas and the like.This dichotomy is associated with a belief based on which some sort of predominance and superiority is credited to the mind as opposed to body. This is evidenced by the famous Descartesʹ statement: "Je pense done je suis" ("I think, therefore I am"). One of the concerns of the modern western philosophy is to dissolve this dichotomy. The views presented by Merleau Ponty are one example of these attempts for unifying the mind and the body and negating the Cartesian dichotomy discussed in this article. This article deals with the attempts made to overcome the Cartesian intellectual heritage of the separation between mind and body. After the explanation of Merleau Pontyʹs philosophical view, some extracts of views presented by Michel Foucault and Pierre Bordeu - both of the authorities in the field of corporeal sociology - have been mentioned.