مطالعات هيدروژئولوژي و هيدروشيميايي آبخوانهاي بازالتي و كارستي منطقه ماكو در ارتباط با سازندهاي زمين شناسي منطقه

Hydrogeological and Hydrochemical Studies of Basaltic and Karstic Aquifers in Maku Area in Relation to Geological Formations

Maku area is located in the north of West Azarbaijan, northwest of Iran. In this area, groundwater supplies main water demands for different purposes such as drinking, agriculture and industry. The aim of this research is to study the groundwater hydrochemistry, hydrogeological relation between karstic and basaltic aquifers, determination of probable hydrochemical anomalies and their genesis and suitable methods for removal of these anomalies. For this purpose, in adition to available hydrochemical data, 72 water samples were collected from wells and springs in high and low level groundwater durations and were been analyzed for some trace elements. The results indicate fluoride anomaly in this area. In order to examine the hydrochemistry of the study area, graphical and mass balance methods were used. Both of these methods confirm the basaltic origin of fluoride anomalies. Consequently, hydrogeological relation between karstic and basaltic aquifer is established. Petrologic studies show that basaltic rocks of the area have appropriate conditions for occurrence of fluoroapatite; as a result, fluoroapatitic origin for high concentration of fluoride is identified. The most suitable methods for removal of the fluoride proposed to be adsorption on Defluoron2 and exchanging Cl- with F- by anionic resin in the study area.