كليدواژه :
نظامي , شبه نظامي , خاورميانه , ارتش , كودتا , مداخله , نظامي گرايي , سياست
چكيده لاتين :
In the Middle East since the end of the WW II, we have witnessed a growing influence of the military in civilian affairs, the use of force as a frequently-used instrument of political power and dominance, the importance of military values, the increasing significance of the role of the regional military establishment in domestic and international affairs, and the growth in the number of paramilitary organizations. The occurrence of the 1999 military coup in Pakistan, the irrepressible militarization of Israeli foreign policy, the transfer of huge quantities of military equipment to the region along with the presence of foreign military forces in Iraq and Afghanistan indicate that the age of military intervention in politics and the threat of military coup in the Middle East are far from over. Indeed, the direct and improper intervention of the military in politics is one of the most significant obstacles to the advancement of civil society and human development in the region.
In the first section, the development of theories of the involvement of the military in politics will be discussed. In the second section, the author examines the major factors which have led to the militarization and militarism (i.e., the inappropriate influence of the military in politics) of the Middle Eastern societies, particularly in Egypt, Israel and Turkey. The factors determining the level of military participation in politics, the nature of the civil-military relations, and the future political role of the Middle Eastern armed forces are among the issues covered in the analysis.
