گرگ در منظومه هاي حماسي ايران

"Wolf" in Persian Epic Poems

In Ferdowsiʹs Shahnameh not only people but the elements of nature and animals are playing an important role and reflect a major part in conventions and beliefs. Among the animals, ʹwolf is one of those animals with important functions which Shahnameh refers to are many times and has devoted many themes to it self. It is clear that all concepts related to Wolf are not available in Shahnameh. Without examining other epics, a competed research on this subject is impossible. To do so, it is necessary to examine ten other epics as well. They include (Banoogoshasp nameh, Borzoo nameh, Bahman nameh, Jahangir nameh, Sam nameh, Shahriar nameh, Faramarz nameh, Koke koohzad, Kush nameh and Garshasp nameh) examination of these epics, the most important characteristics and points about this animal has been characterized and analyzed. These characteristics are as follows: Devilish-ness, darkness of skin, speaking, staying in cave and guarding from hoard, riding hero on wolf, wolfs totem, breeding child with milk of animal, killing wolf heroes and champions, transformation to wolf, Gorgsaran (the land of wolf), wolf and human community.