تحليل آثار ايجاد محدوديت ترافيك در الگوهاي استقرار فعاليت ها و اسكان جمعيت

Analysis of Effects of Traffic Limitation on the Activities Model and Population Settlement

Better accessibility is one of the most important effective factors in making decision about allocating and distributing a form, space and activities. In fact, as access is considered as a valuable factor, "activities setting" and "population settlement" are affected by these factors as two key components effectively and a spatial structure of a city is exposed to change . It means that the urban functions and activities put at points that the access is caused a more easily. People also consider this factor as a factor effecting on making a decision to select their settlement place. But it must be mentioned that in a spatial structure of a city, its center has a unique feature that from geographical point of view it is the most equivalent area and town center and from a functional dimension point of view has very much focus on activities, and accessibility subject is faced with a much sensitivity. Hence, we can expect that with improving and disturbing an access quality in town center, the effect of this factor on two components of "activities setting "and" population settlement" is appeared more evident and sensible to other town areas. Man has challenged during history to rise access to goods, places, etc... and spatial and physical situations of a city are also affected by any evolution in this field. Particularly, it was exposed to change using a new vehicles, construction, texture and size of cities. In this case, it was carried out many efforts in the field of cognition and using a land use relation (activities setting and population settlement) and transportation from second half of 20th century. But most performed studies have been paid to land use effect in producing trips and one side of effect of land usage planning has been reviewed on a transportation planning and the reflection of effectiveness of policies and decisions making has been ignored in the field of a transportation planning on a land use planning. From 1950ʹs, with expanding a systematic attitude, this relation has been reviewed in return. Therefore, we can state that as the access requirements facilitation affects on a spatial and physical development of a city, the reverse requirement of this issue (access restriction making) can also act as one inhibitor factor and / or changing factor of development trends. In this article, in addition to theoretical clarification of issue according to Edmond Biken theory that "Peopleʹs decisions make a shape of a city", the outcomes of access restriction making on peopleʹs decision for selecting their activities place and settlement and finally the reflection of frame and spatial works of this type of decisions are reviewed in a shape of a city. In this framework, according to the initial question during a study process and using a scientific method, one analytical model was formulated for reviewing the existing requirements of Tehran center so that from this way the spatial reflections of access restriction use (Traffic ban area plan) are reviewed in Tehran center. On this basis, the effectiveness of access restriction on activities setting pattern and a population settlement pattern have been formulated and tested in the field of two assumptions for researching about the desired issue. The extracted information of commercial institutes and companies turnover and statistical records (as an index from activities setting pattern) and also population data of Tehran metropolitan city accompanied by the extracted information from an opinion polling questionnaire in the studied scope (as an index of population settlement trend) have been analyzed at the framework of research analytical model. The results show that the access restriction use as one sole policy of traffic along with other effective factors have tended to change activities setting pattern and a settlement of part of population and have followed the attenuation of town center.