بررسي هنجارگريزي در شفيعي كدكني (م. سرشك)

An examination of the application of "Deviation" in Mohammad Reza Shafiee kadkaniʹs (M. sereshk) poetry

Deviation is one of the most effective ways of defamiliarization and foregrounding methods in poetry widely used by most poets. In contemporary poetry, Nima - the father of modern poetry- played a great role in establishing the Deviations. His followers have widely used this method, as well. One of the poets who has used Deviation method to foreground his poems, is Mohammadreza Shafiee Kadkani (M. Sereshk). This article shows that Shafiee widely uses Deviation method and by this way, fore-grounds the language of his poetry. Different types of Deviation are used in his poems but his ways to apply this does not always stay the same. Among all, one of the Deviations that could be observed in Shafieeʹs poems, is archaism. Archaism has a high frequency and impression in his recent work; that is, "the second millennium of the mountain Ghazzal". Another Deviation highly used in Shafieeʹs poems, is lexical Deviation. Through this, he changes the sentence structure and lexical items which have not been so far prevalent in Persian literature. On the other hand, Shafiee also uses local, common and modern lexicons and thereby adds to his scope of poetryʹs lexicons. Another Deviation field in Shafieeʹs poems is semantic Deviation. He also uses such devices as simile, paradox, synestheisia, personification and imagery. Different use of mythical and historical anecdotes also help build up the sense of de-familiarization. Other Deviation types have also been used in establishing a fore-grounded style.