نقد شعر «آي آدم ها» سروده نيما يوشيج از منظر نشانه شناسي

A Semiotic Reading of Nima Yushijʹs Poem "Hey, You Over There!"

Semiotics is more like an umbrella term for a collection of plural and diverse critical approaches. Most of these approaches share some basic concepts, but they differ in their respective methodologies. This paper attempts to introduce one of the theories of semiotics which is particularly applicable to poetry. The theory is proposed by the French theorist Michael RiffATERRE. The paper comprises three sections. In the first section, some of RiffATERREJs most important views on poetry criticism are explained (including his notions of semantic processes, semiosis versus mimesis, the distinction between meaning and significance, ungrammaticality, heuristic reading and retroactive reading). In order to give a practical example of RiffATERREʹs semiotic model, in the second section a critical reading is offered of "Hey, You Over There!", a poem by the modern Iranian poet Nima Yushij. Included in this section are also explanations on some other important terms in RiffATERREʹs theory (such as accumulation, descriptive systems, transformation, and nucleus), which are offered in the discussion about the poem. The conclusion presented in the final section of the paper identifies the semiotic processes through which the significance of the poem is conveyed to the reader.