بررسي شيوه هاي مقابله با استرس در ورزشكاران

A study of methods of coping with stress among athletes

Athletes successful performance is related to methods of coping with stress. For this purpose in the present study have been investigated the methods of management of stress among athletes in city of Rasht. The instrument of the study is a 40 items questionnaire with validity of (0.91), and it s reliability (0.87) itʹs confirmed by "Besharat". This questionnaire tests two methods of approach coping and avoidant coping, in stress management with 7 stressful sport incidents, which is being assessed in a system of 5 values of "Likert" The questionnaires were distributed among 370 individuals three hundred and 312 questionnaires were returned (0.85).The subjects included 102 student athletes, 86 college student athletes, and 182 athletes from sports committees in city of Rasht. The group athletic fields were basketball, handball, volleyball, football, and individual sports were; badminton, martial arts, track &field; and table tennis. All the hypothesis of the study were analyzed through t-test and in one way analysis of variance in level of p<0.05. The results of the study indicated that for coping with stress, athletes use the Avoidant coping style more than the Approach coping style. Using Avoidant coping style was significant in managing the stressful factors such as the players, own foul, coachʹs criticism, pain or injury and bad environmental conditions. Using Approach coping style was significant in managing stressful factors such as opponentʹs cheating, bad judgment, and successful playing off the opponent (p<0.05). The athletes of the group teams used the Avoidant coping style more than the individual teams. However, in the Approach coping style of stress management no significant difference existed between the athletes of these two types of sports. On the other hand the individuals with diploma degree, under-diploma, B.S. and higher in order used the Avoidant coping style more. However, no significant different existed between the Approach coping style management in these individuals. In addition no significant difference existed between the method of coping of males and females, with different levels of sports achievement, age, and athletic reputations.