بررسي جايگاه دو مفهوم مشاركت و دانشگاه نامريي در ارتباطات علمي غير رسمي

A Study on the Status of "Participation" and "Invisible College" in Informal Scientific Communications

Scientific communications have a significant role in the development of sciences, thatʹs why some experts call it the basis of science. Considering the determining role of the humanitarian and informal communications existing between scientists, a type of scientific communication called informal scientific communication emerges. Because of the important role of this issue, texts written about it are reviewed in this paper. Furthermore, explanations are provided on the concept of participation whose motivations are closely related to those of informal scientific communications. A short history of Invisible College, which has been the major prototype of informal scientific communications from a long time ago, is presented. Additionally, the definitions and existing methodologies for evaluating this concept, criticisms against it, and the role of information and communication technologies in countering these criticisms and expanding this concept are discussed.