طبقه بندي علوم از ديدگاه صدرالمتألهين و امام خميني (ره)

Classification of Sciences in Mulla Sadra and Imam Khumayni

Any attempt at planning the map of science in the Islamic Republic of Iran requires a return to Islamic principles in the realm of the classification of sciences, on the one hand, and the explanation of the philosophy of education and training on the basis of Islamic teachings, on the other. The present paper, following a comparative approach, aims at examining the views of two of the prominent figures in the field of the Transcendent Philosophy regarding the first issue. Mulla Sadra sees all types of sciences and teachings in a specific (religious and divine) network and system. Accordingly, he believes that otherworldly and divine sciences and theoretical wisdom are prior to worldly sciences and practical wisdom. Imam Khumayniʹs classification of sciences is based on his own specific philosophical anthropology. In his view, man generally possesses three modes, stations, or worlds, and all types of science return to these three worlds. In other words, there is a kind of knowledge related to intellectual perfections and spiritual duties, one pertaining to heart-related acts and its duties, and one related to bodily acts and the duties of the external aspect of the soul. According to Imam Khumayni, the other types of sciences are involved in one of these types.