مقايسه اثر ترتيب ارايه تمرين جسماني و تمرين ذهني با آرايش قالبي و تصادفي بر عملكرد و يادگيري تكنيك هاي منتخب فوتبال

Comparing the effect of presenting physical and mental practice order with blocked and random arrangements on performance and learning of selected techniques in football

The present study was done in order to compare the effect of presenting physical and mental practice order with blocked and random arrangements on performance and learning of selected techniques in football. 144 soccer players, 9-12, from Tehran(l) football schools were chosen due to their mental imagery ability by available sampling. They were randomly put in 12 groups with different blocked and random arrangements and different mental practice and physical practice compositions. The five tasks were passing, kicking, valley kicking, heading and foot controlling. The assessment was done base on the chosen order from 21 football techniques and base on the stages of test making. After determining the validity, reliability and identity of the final index for techniques were assembled. The training method of each group was distanced and pre-test for all 12 groups was done. There was an acquisition test after 14 practice sessions and retention test 72 hours after that. All the subjectʹs performances were filmed and were assessed by five evaluators. The data were analyzed by variance analysis and Duncan post hoc test. The findings showed that there was a significant difference between different practice arrangements in acquisition and retention which was better in the groups with mental and physical practice composition than the groups with only mental or physical practice. In acquisition stage, the groups with blocked practice and its composition, while the blocked practice was done first, were better although this was opposite in learning. Finally, doing the mental practice prior to other practices had better results in both acquisition and retention tests. This could make the tasks with more complexity be learned better.