مرقع سازي و سرانجام آن در دوران قاجار

Album Making and its Conclusions in Qajar Epoch

Album leaves is a collection of valuable art such as calligraphy, illumination, paper cutting and another arts which depend on the book and it is prepared by order of the sponsor or they were available dispersedly for costumer and its structure is like a bind book or accordion. Maintenance of valuable art pieces and collecting of art patterns for repetition and copying traditional royal workshop is the first operations of these album pages, which were common in Teymorid dynasty, and they reach to the climax in Safavid period. Album making was inspired by Turkish and Indians from Iranians and it was widespread there, and caused independent movements in these courts. In Afshar, zand and beginning of Ghajar dynasty ordering album making was reduced. It was popular during Naseredin shah dynasty. During epoch of the three initial monarchs, the painting pieces had been drawn based on the subjects including flower and bird, buddy branches, hunter and prey, animal quarrels, Qajar and former monarchsʹ portraits, portraits of theosophists and pundits, young males and females, beloved couples, literary and religious concepts associate with the former periods. Styles and approaches applied within Nasser-al-Din Shah Qajar were revolved and also purposes that were included through the albums were developed. Albums in Naseredin shah reign were very varied. During this period, drawing included in the albums were developed both qualifi-cally and quantifically. Moreover, customers of the albums added their own artistic masterworks, deeds, valuable personal developments including the letters, artistic exercises, geographic maps, pedigrees to the albums. After prevalent of photog- raphy it replaced with photo albums. Naserid albums are of various kinds, giving their place to image albums in line with flourishing of photography. Albums are visual just like art histories which indicate Iranian artistic developments and events with the language of images. Introduction of a number of albums are considered as the first artistic history of Iran introducing album-makers and various phases of album making. Arrangement of the pieces into the albums had been conducted based on the request and intendancy of the customers and idea of the album makers or binders themselves. Generally, order of arranging the pieces into the albums were logically and depending on time order that had been determined by the patterns applied by the mentor and novices. It is clear by proper consideration that subject and also structural and appearance harmony of the pieces had been regarded by the album makers. Albums indicate good taste of sponsors and their inner world suggest praised visual models of their time. Structure and some of the elderly application relevant to painting albums were maintained, however, the convention and habit to make customized albums in shape of a collection from paintings was gradually faded, by end of Qajar epoch, industry of photography and printing changed role of painters and calligraphers in making artistic albums, collection, superior selections, and books. Additionally, due to significant impacts of modern European artistic movements the ancient approach that were used at royal libraries and courtier art factories were changed.