فضا و نگرش فضايي در مطالعات خاك و ژيومورفولوژي (مطالعه موردي: سرآب حوضه آبي زاينده رود)

Space and Spatial View in Soil and Geomorphology Studies

If we realize that the Geomorphology is the science of survey of land geometry and form and it is also the science of changes & evolutions, the first step to the understanding of the concepts of geographical space is to be come acquainted with the principles of geometry. In Euclidian geometry, forms and features are considered the combination of points, lines and areas, which are defined in two or three dimensions. This geometry, which has a long history in the observational and experimental realms has been faced with serious shortcomings and challenges today. Riemann proposed ultra-dimensional geometry theory in 1854, which led into 4 & 10 dimensional geometry. This geometry theory caused so many new conditions in the physicistsʹ researches for interpretation of spatial-temporal changes that the Euclidian geometry principles were not able to sufficiently and correctly analyze and interpret them. Such an ultra-dimensional geometry was nominated "Spatial geometry." Ultra- dimensional geometry laid another foundation in physics and the physicists converted from classical (Newtonian) physics to quantum physics. Applications of Spatial geometry in geomorphic system brought about revolution in the bases of two classical approaches in geomorphology (Davisian-process) and gave birth to a new geomorphology theory which is called systemic geomorphology. The introduction of spatial geomorphology theory and radical changes in scale concept and perception level have procured new concepts such as Riemann and Fractal geometry, ergodicity, chaotic theory(chaos), dynamic equilibrium, temporal-spatial dynamism, palimpsest (or overprint), chorems, two-value system for the analysis and interpretation of geomorphic methodology and research. This approach can explain formation of buried soils and palaeosols, pedogenesis of argillic horizon in past humid & cold climates, its continuation it into new warm and arid zone, presence of old fan under new fans and survey of bahada and coalescing fans and polymorphism. This article has been extracted from a research project at the University of Isfahan.