نگاهي اجمالي به ارزيابي خطرات احتمالي گياهان تراريخته

A glance on risk assessment of transgenic plants

Carrying out environmental and health (human and animal) RA (Risk Assessment) is a requirement under international and national legislations before any GM crop variety can be cultivated commercially, or their derived products can enter in to the market. An RA typically comprises detailed comparisons of the GM crop composition and performance with those of their conventionally-bred counterpart under both field and glasshouse conditions, as well as of derived product composition and properties. A risk assessment consists of hazard identification, hazard characterization, exposure assessment and risk characterization. Regulatory justifications for these assessments differ between countries, although they require similar tests. Measurements of gene flow indicate that it occurs at higher rates than believed and it will require the development of effective biological methods to reduce gene flow and possibly mitigate its effects. It may also be possible to manage risks after gene flow occurs. It is worth emphasizing that the role of an effective RA is not to completely understand a natural phenomenon, but to focus on the data necessary to make a sound judgment. All scientists believed in graded (step by step) environmental risk assessment. Scientific understanding of the factors affecting environmental risk is still nascent, and there is both the need and time for environmental scientists to help the improvement of environmental risk assessment.