نقد صورتگرايانه غزليات حافظ

A Formalist Approach To Words Hafezʹs Lyrics

The second decade of the 20th century was the beginning point of a great revolution in literary theory which was called Formalism later on. Getting detached from previous literary methods and exploring the mystery of literariness were the outstanding characteristics of this school. The purpose of the initiators of this school who were known as Rusian Formalists was to find scientific basis for literary criticism. The first step in this field was taken by Victor Shoklovsky through publication of "resurrection of the words" in 1914. Formalistʹs examine every literary work without any background. They pay attention just to the literary work itself when criticizing it. They believed that a literary work should be looked at from a literary view point. This study wants to investigate the methods of defamiliarization in Hafezʹs sonnets to make clear the degree of Deviation and Extra Regularity he has manipulated and whether he has succeeded to cause defamiliarization and consequently distinctiveness of his words in his addresseeʹs view point. Defamiliarization is on of the main pillars of formalism, which implies to obscure events in life, In order to come to a true understanding of the affairs instead of just identifying them, this terminology ,first, was propounded by Victor Shklovsky famous Russian formalist-in an article called (art in manner of technique).