تغييرات فرهنگي (روند نابرابري جنسيتي و نژادي ) در جامعه تركمن ها از زمان قرارداد آخال (1257ه.ش)تا اصلاحات ارضي (1341ه.ش)

The cultural changes (gender and racial inequality) in Turkmen society (from Treaty of Akhal to land reform)

The present research is to explain the trend of gender and racial inequality as the indexes of the cultural changes in Turkmen society (from Treaty of Akhal to land reform). The aim of this article is to find out the effective factors on gender and racial inequality. Then, the theoretical framework completes the review literature. This is documentary research. Gender socialization, extended family, kind of living and war are considered as the most important factors on gender inequality. However, the factors affecting racial inequality included prejudice and stereotype about marriage. The most important mechanism of changes in gender and racial inequality consisted of population growth, war and central state.