تاثير تغيير غلظت برخي از عناصر پرمصرف بر كشت بافت گياه بومادران هزار برگ (Achillea millefolium) و بررسي ويژگي هاي تشريحي آن

Effect of concentration change of macroelemants on tissue culture of Achillea millefolium L and study of anatomical properties

Achillea millefolium L. is a perennial herb of Achillea genus (family Astraceae).Importance of medicinal benefits of Achillea millefolium L. caused for more studying about research of Anatomy structure and effect of changing some of elements on tissue culture and propagation of Achillea millefolium L. in vitro culture. In this research, Anatomy structure of A. millefolium was studied to provide cross and longitude section of leaf, petiole, different parts of stem, root and apical meristem. So effect of concentration changing of calcium and nitrate elements on tissue culture of this plant was investigated through apical meristem in vitro in MS medium supplemented with BA 1 mgl"1 and so with specimens transferring to MS medium supplemented with IBA 2 mglʹ1 for rooting. Explant of apical meristem of sterile seedling grown on hormone free MS medium was provided, with calcium concentration reducing (30 mM) was formed callus and aerial organs with dilly in MS medium supplemented with BA 1 mgl-1 in compare with calcium concentration in control MS medium (MS medium supplemented with BA 1 mgl-1 and calcium 60 mM), specimens formed root after transferring to MS medium supplemented with IBA 2 mgl-1 and calcium 30 mM after 20 days more than control MS medium was oblong (rooting in control MS medium was after 10 days), with increasing calcium concentration (90 mM) was formed callus and aerial organs more rapidly in compare with calcium concentration in control MS medium (60 mM) and specimens formed root after transferring to MS medium supplemented with IBA 2 mgl-1 and calcium 90 mM after 8 days which was rooting rapid more than control MS medium. In this medium petioles and leaves were longer and expand respectively. With reducing nitrate concentration from 376 mM (control MS medium) to 188 mM call genesis was more rapid and callus size was bigger in compare control MS medium, but aerial organs formation was slowly. Also in this medium petioles and leaves were shorter and smaller respectively. Specimens formed root after transferring to MS medium supplemented with IBA 2 mgl-1 and nitrate 188 mM after 12 days which was rooting with little dilly in compare with control MS medium. With increasing nitrate from 376 (control MS medium) to 752 mM callogenesis and aerial organs formation is caused rapidly. After transferring specimens to MS medium supplemented with IBA 2 mgl-1 and nitrate 752 mM rooting after 6 days which was more rapid in compare with control MS medium (MS medium supplemented with IBA 2 mgl-1 and nitrate 376 mM). Roots were longer and thicker with increasing of nitrate concenteration. Sci.Res.Bio.J.of. Islam.Azad.univ.,Garmsar Branch. 2, 2:23-36,2007