بررسي تطبيقي اختيار انسان در فلسفه اسپينوزا و استاد مطهري

بررسي تطبيقي اختيار انسان در فلسفه اسپينوزا و استاد مطهري

اين نوشتار به مقايسه نظريات دو فيلسوف اسلامي و غربي استاد مطهري و اسپينوزا درباره اختيار انسان مي پردازد. هر يك از اين دو فيلسوف نظريات عميقي درباره اراده آزاد و اختيار انسان عرضه كرده اند كه بررسي تطبيقي اين نظريات مي تواند در فهم عميق تر ديدگاه-هاي هر يك از دو منشأ اثر قرار گيرد. هدف اين جستار روشن كردن شباهت ها و تفاوت هاي موجود در ديدگاه هاي آنان درباره اين پرسش ها مي باشد كه آيا انسان واقعاً آزاد است؟ آيا اختيار و آزادي او صرفاً به معني قدرت انتخاب است؟ آيا حس اختيار در او بديهي است، يا نتيجه جهل و غفلت او از علل و عوامل مؤثر بر اعمالش مي باشد؟ دامنه و حدود اختيار انسان چه اندازه است؟

This writing mAkes A compArison between the viewpoints of two Western And IslAmic philosophers, UstAd MutAhhAri And SpinozA, concerning humAn will. EAch one of these philosophers hAs presented views About humAn free will; the compArAtive study of these views cAn be influentiAl in A deeper understAnding of the viewpoints of eAch one of these two. This reseArch Aims At clArifying the similArities And differences existing in their viewpoints concerning such question As: Is mAn reAlly free? Does his will And freedom simply meAn his power of choice? Is A sense of choice evident in him or is it A result of his ignorAnce And negligence of the reAsons And fActors Affecting his Actions? To whAt extent And limitAtion is mAn free? These two philosophers hAve deep viewpoints in such importAnt issues As intellect, freedom of mAn, humAn being, will, the relAtion of intellect And will, definition of determinAtion And free choice, And the criterion for free choice, which Are compArAtively exAmined in the present Article.