اسكندر مقدوني و پيامد يورش‌هاي او

Alexander of Macedoria and his Attacks consequences

اسكندر مقدوني، چهره‌ي شگفت انگيز تاريخ كه در نگارش سرگذشت وي دوگانگي به وجود آمده و روايت‌هاي ديني نيز به پيچيدگي داستان افسانه‌اي او افزوده تا او را به شخصيت نيمه اسطوره‌اي تغيير شكل داده است. البته تاريخ خوانان با شناختي كه از دو چهرگي اسكندر دارند به خوبي مي‌دانند آن گروه كه وي را ارباب قهرمانان پيروزي‌هاي مثبت ارزيابي مي‌كنند تنها كارشان بر اساس نادانسته‌ها و مفروضات است نه بر پايه‌ي حقيقت. نفوذ نماد اسكندر در تاريخ و فرهنگ پارسي، بسي مايه‌ي تعجب است، شايد يك سبب آن ايجاد قهرمان در برابر قهرمانان ايران زمين كه جنبه‌ي مذهبي ندارد، باشد. تصوير مناسب و راستيني كه مي‌توان از وي با شيوه‌ي تحقيق دريافت كرد، روند اين تعصبات را مي‌كاهد در اين مقاله بر آن شديم تا پس از هزار سال، واقعيت وجودي اسكندر و پيامد ارزشي و تاريخي يورش و پيروزي‌هاي او را بازگو كنيم و ديگر اين كه چيرگي بر سرزمين پارسي با ورود تمدن و علوم يوناني به عرصه‌ي دانش اسلامي چه بوده است، اين در حالي است كه در روزگار هجوم اسكندر، دودمان فرهيختگان بزرگ‌ترين امپراتوري تاريخ بشر به ثبت رسيده است.

The characteristics of Alexander of Macedonia as a wonderful historical heroic figure along with the contrasting views on his biography as well as the legendary complexity caused by religious versions, have caused him to be considered as a semi- mythical figure and a hero in history. Of course the history readers having the knowledge of his dual images, know well that those who consider him the master of victorious heroes evaluate him positively because their observation is based only upon their unknown information and suppositions, rather than on the basis of reality. The influence of Alexander as a symbol in Persian history and culture is surprising. Perhaps it is partly due to producing of him a hero against the Iranian heroes, with no religious aspect. The true image of him is possible when he is studied through investigational methods, so that the trend of peejudices is reduced. This article is an attempt to study the factuality of Alexander existence as well as the value of consequences of his historical rushes and invasions, after a thousand years, in order to recount his victories. The paper also seeks to investigate the effect of his conquest on the Persia land resulting in the introduction of the Greek civilization and sciences into the field of Islamic knowledge. However, the appearance of many learned men, at the time of Alexanderʹs invasion, as the greatest emperor of human history, has been recorded.