قاچاق انسان و بررسي آن از ديدگاه فقهي

The Smuggling Trade of Human Beings and a Study on the Jurisprudential Viewpoint

پديده‌ي تجارت انسان به ويژه زنان و كودكان امروزه به عنوان يك جرم سازمان يافته‌ي فراملي مطرح است و مقاوله نامه‌هاي بين‌المللي متعددي در جهت مبارزه‌ي با آن منعقد گشته است. سياست تقنيني ايران در دوران قبل از انقلاب اسلامي مبتني بر پذيرش و امضاي برخي تعهدات بين‌المللي و تدوين قوانين پراكنده‌اي در جهت مقابله‌ي با آن بوده است، ولي به دليل سياست‌هاي رژيم پهلوي عملاً توفيق چنداني حاصل نشد. بعد از انقلاب اسلامي، شاهد تحولات چشم‌گيري در اين زمينه هستيم كه مهم‌ترين آن‌ها تصويب قانون مبارزه با قاچاق انسان در سال 83 مي‌باشد. مقاله‌ي حاضر پس از بيان سياست‌هاي تقنيني در اين زمينه به بررسي و تحليل قانون مبارزه با قاچاق بر اساس مباني فقهي پرداخته، نقايص موجود در اين زمينه را بيان كرده و راهكارهايي را جهت رفع كاستيها و انطباق هر چه بيشتر آن قانون با شريعت اسلام و قانون اساسي ارايه كرده است.

The phenomenon of the trade of human beings illegally, specially children and women ,is considered an international institutionalized crime and felony, against which various international protocols have been written and signed. In Iran, certain policies during the Pre-Islamic Revolution based on the acceptance and the signature of certain international commitments as well as the Compilation and imposition of some scattered laws to fight against it have been made, but they have not been very workable in practice due to the policies of the Pahlavid Regime. Following the Islamic Revolution, remarkable transformations and developments In this area have been made, the most important of which is the passing of the anti-smuggling law in 1383. The present paper is an attempt to investigate and analyze the anti- smuggling of human beings law based upon the jursiprudential principles while expaining certain policies in this concern. It also observes its existing flaws and defects while offering some practical approaches to remove its shortages and imperfections and trying to conform it with the Divine Laws of Islam and with the constitutional law as well as possible.